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Abstract
Marine algae are rich sources of various biologically active compounds with potential pharmaceutical properties. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Plocamium telfairiae extract (PTE) on proinflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). PTE pre-treatment in LPS-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong inhibition on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production as compared to non-treated controls. PTE pre-treatment showed significant inhibition on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). Taken together, these results suggest that PTE may have potential anti-inflammatory property and hence, warrant further studies concerning the potentials of PTE for medicinal purpose.
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 | Figure 1.Effects of PTE on cell viability in BMDMs and BMDCs. BMDMs (A) and BMDCs (B) were treated with the indicated concentrations of PTE for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (10 ng/ml). The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Data are representative of three independent experiments. PTE, Plocamium telfairiae extract. |
 | Figure 2.Effects of PTE on IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. BMDMs were treated with PTE at the indicated doses for 1 h before stimulation with LPS (10 ng/ml). The concentrations of murine IL-12 p40 (A), IL-6 (B) and TNF-α (C) released into the culture medium were determined by ELISA. Data are representative of three independent experiments. PTE, Plocamium telfairiae extract; N.D., not detectable. *p < 0.05 versus PTE-untreated cells in the presence of LPS. |
 | Figure 3.Effects of PTE on IL-12 p40, IL-6 and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated BMDCs. BMDCs were treated with PTE and the concentrations of murine IL-12 p40 (A), IL-6 (B) and TNF-α (C) measured as described in Fig. 2. Data are representative of three independent experiments. PTE, Plocamium telfairiae extract; N.D., not detectable. *p < 0.05 versus PTE-untreated cells in the presence of LPS. |
 | Figure 4.Effects of PTE on the phosphorylation of MAPKs and degradation of IκBα in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. (A) BMDMs were pre-treated with or without PTE (25 μg/ml) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (10 ng/ml) for the indicated time periods. Cell lysates were analyzed by western blot analysis. Total p38 MAPK was taken as the loading control. Data are representative of three independent experiments. (B) Phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 and expression of IκBα protein was quantified using scanning densitometry, and the band intensities were normalized by that of total p38 protein. PTE, Plocamium telfairiae extract. *p < 0.05 versus PTE-untreated cells in the presence of LPS. |
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