Antibody Response in Cattle and Guinea Pigs Inoculated with Rabies Vaccines

Dong-Kun Yang; Woong-Ho Jeong; Ha-Hyun Kim; Jin-Ju Nah; Jae-Jo Kim; Sung-Suk Choi; Jong-Taek Kim; Jae-Young Song

doi:10.4167/jbv.2014.44.1.67

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Yang, Jeong, Kim, Nah, Kim, Choi, Kim, and Song: Antibody Response in Cattle and Guinea Pigs Inoculated with Rabies Vaccines

Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2014;44(1):67-74.

Published online: 9 February 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2014.44.1.67

Antibody Response in Cattle and Guinea Pigs Inoculated with Rabies Vaccines

Dong-Kun Yang^1,^*, Woong-Ho Jeong², Ha-Hyun Kim¹, Jin-Ju Nah¹, Jae-Jo Kim¹, Sung-Suk Choi¹, Jong-Taek Kim³, Jae-Young Song¹

¹Viral disease division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea

²Gangwon-do Veterinary Service Laboratory, Sokcho, Korea

³College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chun-Cheon, Korea

^*Corresponding author: Dong-Kun Yang. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, Korea. Phone: +82-31-467-1783, Fax: +82-31-467-1797, e-mail: yangdk@korea.kr

^** We would like to thank Dr. KW Lee for critically reviewing our manuscript. This work was supported financially by a grant (B-AD14-2011-13-01) from the Animal, and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea.

Received 5 November 20135 February 2014 Accepted 13 February 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

One hundred ninety-five rabies cases in cattle were identified in South Korea since 1993. As most of rabies cases have a relation to rabid Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis), vaccination to animals including cattle is mandatory in rabies risk region. In order to minimize fatal rabies in animals, eradication policy of the disease has been achieved by controlling reservoirs and by mass vaccination. In this study, we compared the antibody response in cattle and guinea pigs inoculated with rabies vaccines commercially available in Korea. Each group of cattle in Gangwon-do was vaccinated intramuscularly with either one of five commercial inactivated vaccines or a live attenuated rabies vaccine (designated as A to F). Serum samples at the time of vaccination and four weeks post vaccination were obtained from the cattle and guinea pigs and were analyzed with virus neutralizing assay (VNA). Each group of cattle inoculating rabies vaccines showed significant virus neutralizing antibody titers (p < 0.05) ranging from 1.55 to 17.8 mean IU/ml compared with the non-vaccinated cattle and guinea pigs inoculated with 1/20 dose of vaccine showed relatively low VN antibody titers ranging from 0.23 to 6.1 mean IU/ml. All cattle immunized with A, C and F showed high VN antibody titers over 0.5 IU/ml and 62.5% and 37.5% of cattle inoculated with D and E showed protective antibody titer, respectively. This finding suggests that the inactivated or live attenuated rabies vaccination commercially available in Korea could induce protective antibody response in Korean cattle, but sero-conversion rate and sero-positive rate showing VN antibody titer over 0.5 IU/ml depend on vaccines.

Keywords: Rabies vaccine, Immunogenicity, Rabies, Cattle

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Figure 1.

Antibody response in Korean Hanwoo cattle and guinea pigs inoculated with commercial rabies vaccines. Each cattle (n = 8) or guinea pig (n = 4) was vaccinated intramuscularly with one dose or 1/20 dose of commercial rabies vaccines, respectively. These vaccines were designated as A, B, C, D, E, and F. Non-vaccinated cattle and guinea pigs were included as control. Rabies-specific antibody titers were measured by FAVN test at 28 days post immunization in cattle (A) and guinea pigs (B). Antibody titers were expressed in International Units per milliliter (IU/ml) as indicated in Materials and Methods. ^* p < 0.05 (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)), NS = not significant.

Figure 2.

Sero-conversion rate against RABV in cattle (A) and guinea pigs (B) inoculated with commercial RABV vaccines. The protective antibody titer determined by FAVN test was expressed in 0.5 IU/ml. The sero-conversion rate of vaccine A, B, C and F was significantly higher than that of vaccine D and E (p < 0.05).

Figure 3.

Western blot and Coomassie blue staining to check glycoprotein in commercial RABV vaccines. Developed membranes of native condition with the supernatant of RABV vaccine (A) and sodium citrate treated supernatant (B), and Coomassie blue stained SDS/PAGE gels (C) of RABV vaccines. After treating vaccines with sodium citrate, each total protein of vaccine was found to be 1.9 mg/ml, 5.29 mg/ml, 3.41 mg/ml, 2.35 mg/ml, 4.9 mg/ml and 1.47 mg/ml, calculated by BCA method. Lane M; protein marker, lane 1–6; vaccine A-F, lane 7; RABV (ERA strain) positive sample, lane 8; negative sample.

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