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Lee, Hong, Chung, Lee, and Lee: Panonychus citri Can Induce T-helper Type 2 Immune Responses via the Release of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and IL-4
Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2014;44(4):311-316.

Published online: 9 February 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2014.44.4.311

Panonychus citri Can Induce T-helper Type 2 Immune Responses via the Release of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and IL-4

Jaechun Lee, Seong-Chul Hong, Young-Bae Chung, Hye-Sook Lee, Keun Hwa Lee*

The Environmental Health Center (Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Rhinitis), Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea

*Corresponding author: Keun Hwa Lee, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University School of Medicine Jeju, 690-756, South Korea. Phone: +82-64-754-8111, Fax: +82-64-705-2687, e-mail: yomust7@ jejunu.ac.kr

** This research was supported by the 2014 scientific promotion program funded by Jeju National University.

Received 12 September 20147 October 2014       Accepted 10 October 2014

Copyright © 2014 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Panonychus citri damages the leaves of citrus trees, causing defoliation, and induces T-helper type 2 (TH2) immune responses (occupational asthma) via a hitherto unknown mechanism. This is a particular problem on Jeju Island, which is located to the south of the Korean peninsula. In this study, we show for the first time how P. citri induces TH2 immunity. Exposure to P. citri induces the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by either basophils or CD4+ T cells (it is not certain which), which results in the production of interleukin 4 (IL-4). IL-4 promotes the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE), which ultimately contributes to the process of allergic inflammation. Therefore, TSLP plays an important role in the P. citri-induced TH2 immune response.

Keywords: P. citri, Occupational asthma, TSLP, IgE, IL-4.

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Figure 1.
P. citri induces IgE secretion via the production of TSLP, and IL-4. IgE concentrations measured by ELISA (A). PBMCs were cultured with P. citri extract (50 μg/well). The role of TSLP in IgE secretion was assessed by culturing PBMCs with P. citri extract (50 μg/well) and anti-human-TSLP antibody (1 μg/well). TSLP production (B) and Tslp gene expression (C) were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. IL-4 production (D) and Il4 gene expression (E) were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PBMCs, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ME, P. citri extracts; Anti-TSLP: anti-human TSLP antibody.
jbv-44-311f1.tif
Figure 2.
TSLP and IL-4 were produced by human CD4+T cells following stimulation with P. citri extract. Real-time PCR analysis of Tslp (A) and Il4 (B) gene expression in human CD4+ T cells that had been incubated with P. citri extract (50 μg/well). Irradiated PBMCs were used as a source of APCs and purified CD4+ T cells. IrPBMC, Irradiated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ME, P. citri extracts.
jbv-44-311f2.tif
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