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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) is ubiquitous and highly conserved multifunctional key enzyme in nucleotide metabolism. It generates nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) by transfer of gamma-phosphates from nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP or GTP to nucleoside diphosphate. The formation of an autophosphorylated enzyme intermediate is involved in that mechanism. The phosphate is usually supplied by ATP and Ndk activity in different subcellular compartments. Ndk may regulate the crucial balance between ATP and GTP or other nucleoside triphosphates. Ndk is playing an important role in bacterial pathogenesis and emerging evidences recognize multiple roles of Ndk in host-microbe interaction. Here, I review some examples of the role of Ndk in intra- and extracellular microorganism.
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Figure 1.
Sequence alignment of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in different microorganisms. Sequence alignment was performed using Clustal/W.
Figure 2.
Schematic diagram of potential functions of Ndk and eATP-P2X receptor signaling in possible exploitation by intracellular pathogens for release of Ndk outside of host cells. Translocation of Ndk through cell membrane channels to extracellular environment (A). Association of Ndk with host ER-derived vesicle and consequent export (B). Simultaneous integration of Ndk within microbe secretory vesicles that fuse with host cell membrane and release contents (C).
Table 1.
Utilization of Ndk in host-microbe interaction
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