Serologic Survey of Rabies Virus, Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in Wild Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Korea

Dong-Kun Yang; Ha-Hyun Kim; Jin-Ju Nah; Sung-Suk Choi; Jong-Taek Kim; Woong-Ho Jeong; Jae-Young Song

doi:10.4167/jbv.2013.43.3.204

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Yang, Kim, Nah, Choi, Kim, Jeong, and Song: Serologic Survey of Rabies Virus, Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in Wild Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Korea

Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2013;43(3):204-209.

Published online: 9 February 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2013.43.3.204

Serologic Survey of Rabies Virus, Canine Distemper Virus and Parvovirus in Wild Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Korea

Dong-Kun Yang^1,^*, Ha-Hyun Kim¹, Jin-Ju Nah¹, Sung-Suk Choi¹, Jong-Taek Kim², Woong-Ho Jeong³, Jae-Young Song¹

¹Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea

²College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea

³Gangwon Veterinary Service Laboratory Sokcho, Korea

^*Corresponding author: Dong-Kun Yang. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, Korea. Phone: +82-31-467-1783, Fax: +82-31-467-1797, e-mail: yangdk@korea.kr

^** We would like to thank Dr. KW Lee for critically reviewing our manuscript. This work was supported financially by a grant (B-AD14-2011-13-01) from Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea.

Received 30 July 201321 August 2013 Accepted 30 August 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program for the wild animals in rabies risk regions of Korea has been conducted since 2000. Evaluation of ORV program under field condition and information concerning the incidence of exposure to canine distemper and canine parvovirus (CPV) are needed in wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Ninety four sera of wild raccoon dogs were screened for antibodies against rabies, canine distemper virus (CDV) and CPV in Korea. The overall prevalence of antibodies against rabies virus (RABV), CDV and CPV in wild raccoon dogs was 35.1%, 89.4% and 24.5%, respectively. Comparisons of sero-prevalences of RABV, CDV and CPV were assayed in two regions (Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do). The Gyeonggi-do (36.4%) showed higher sero-positive rate against CPV than Gangwon-do (20.8%). In contrast, Gangwon-do (41.7% and 97.2%) showed higher sero-positive rates against RABV and CDV than Gyeonggi-do (13.6% and 63.6%). These results indicate that there was severe circulation of CDV and CPV among wild raccoon dogs in the two regions of Korea. Furthermore, raccoon dogs showing a protective antibody titer (0.5 IU/ml) were 15.9%, suggesting that new rabies control program such as trap-vaccination-release (TVR) should be launched urgently in rabies risk regions.

Keywords: Raccoon dogs, RABV, CDV, CPV, Serosurveillance

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Figure 1.

Sero-positive rate against RABV in Korean raccoon (n=94). Virus neutralizing antibody titer was determined by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization (FAVN) test. The threshold of positivity used was 0.1 IU/ml and the protective antibody titer was expressed in 0.5 IU/ml. ^*The antibody mean titer of Gangwon-do was significantly higher than that of Gyeonggi-do (p < 0.05).

Table 1.

Distribution of ELISA titer against canine distemper virus in Korean raccoon dogs

Province^*	ELISA Titer against CDV				Positive rate (%)
Province^*	Neg^** (OD <0.2)	Low (0.2 ≤ OD <0.4)	Medium (0.4 ≤ OD <0.8)	High (OD >0.8)	Positive rate (%)
GG	8	12	2	0	14/22 (63.6)
GW	2	9	30	31	70/72 (97.2)^***
Total	10	21	32	31	84/94 (89.4)

^* GG: Gyeonggi-do, GW: Gangwon-do.

^** The ELISA OD results of negative (OD <0.2), low (0.2≤ OD <0.4), medium (0.4≤ OD <0.8) or high (OD ≥0.8) were equivalent to the CDV serum neutralization titer of negative, 1:20, 1:80, or >1:320, respectively, according to the manufacturer's indications.

^*** The antibody mean titer of GW was significantly higher than that of GG (p < 0.001).

Table 2.

Distribution of HI titer against canine parvovirus (CPV2a) in Korean raccoon dogs

Province^*	HI titer against CPV									Positive rate (%)
Province^*	<10	20	40	80	160	320	640	1,280	2,560	Positive rate (%)
GG	14	0	2	1	1	0	1	1	2	8/22 (36.4)
GW	57	0	2	0	1	2	0	4	6	15/72 (20.8)
Total	71	0	4	1	2	2	1	5	8	23/94 (24.5)

^* GG: Gyeonggi-do, GW: Gangwon-do.

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