A Novel PA-X Protein Translated from Influenza A Virus Segment 3

Ilseob Lee; Jin Il Kim; Man-Seong Park

doi:10.4167/jbv.2012.42.4.368

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Lee, Kim, and Park: A Novel PA-X Protein Translated from Influenza A Virus Segment 3

Letter to the Editor

Journal of Bacteriology and Virology

Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2012; 42(4): 368-371.

Published online: 24 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2012.42.4.368

A Novel PA-X Protein Translated from Influenza A Virus Segment 3

Ilseob Lee^1,², Jin Il Kim^1,², Man-Seong Park^1,²

¹Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.

²Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.

Corresponding author: Man-Seong Park, Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, Center for Medical Science Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, Korea. Phone: +82-33-248-2632, Fax: +82-33-252-2843, manseong.park@gmail.com

Received 15 November 2012 Revised 19 November 2012 Accepted 22 November 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/license/by-nc/3.0/).

Abstract

The pathogenicity of influenza A viruses is a multigenic trait, which is orchestrated by the global networks between eight viral genomic constituents and their cellular interacting partners. A recent report provided information on the finding of a new PA ribosomal frameshifting product, the PA-X protein, in the influenza A virus segment 3, and an endonuclease property was suggested for a possible role of the PA-X protein. In cultured cells, viral growth was not affected by the PA-X protein expression. However, the reduced pathogenicity of mice appeared to be closely associated with the PA-X protein expression. It was also revealed that the PA-X protein was able to modulate host gene expression. Considered together, the PA-X protein can be a cellular signaling modulator and subsequently control viral pathogenicity. By reviewing recent publications, we present new insights in the contribution of the PA-X protein to the cellular signaling network and the resultant viral pathogenicity.

Keywords: Influenza, Endonuclease activity, Pathogenicity, PA-X, Ribosomal frameshift

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Multiple proteins are expressed from a single gene of influenza A virus. (A) The M2 and NS2 proteins are expressed by gene splicing. (B) The PB1-F2 protein is encoded from overlapped frame. (C) The PA-X protein is expressed by +1 ribosomal frameshifting. (D) 'UCC UUU CGU C' motif in PA gene is related with ribosomal frameshifting.

Notes

This study was supported by a grant from the Korea healthcare technology R&D project of the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grants No. A103001).

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