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Abstract
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes: qnr, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA were investigated among 153 armA and 51 rmtB-positive transconjugants and their 204 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, qnrB4 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes were identified in 52.3% (63 K. pneumoniae, 10 E. coli, 4 E. cloacae, and 3 E. aerogenes) and 24.8% (16 K. pneumoniae, 8 E. coli, 6 S. marcescens, 4 E. cloacae, 3 C. freundii and 1 K. oxytoca) of 153 armA-positive isolates, respectively. Four isolates of K. pneumoniae and two isolates of E. coli positive for armA co-harbored both qnrB4 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr. The qepA gene was detected in 11.8% (5 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae) of 51 rmtB-positive clinical isolates and their transconjugants. Southern hybridization confirmed the co-localization of qepA and rmtB on a large conjugative plasmid of size between 90 to 170 kb. Inc replicon typing showed that qnrB4/6, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA genes were principally disseminated by IncFIIAs, IncL/M, and IncF plasmids, respectively. This study constitutes the first report of the three known PMQR genes among the 16S rRNA methylase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates of human origin from Korea.
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Figure 1.
Gel-electrophoresis of plasmid DNAs extracted from transconjugants positive for qepA and rmtB (A) RFLP of Plasmid DNAs extracted from transconjugants carrying qepA and rmtB after digestion with EcoRI (B) and ApaI (C). Southern hybridizations with qepA probe (D) and with rmtB probe (E). Lanes: M, BAC-tracker™ supercoiled marker; M2, λ HindIII marker 2; 1, AKp5501JR; 2, AKp5681JR; 3, AKp5781JR; and 4, AKp5931JR.
Figure 2.
Dendrogram generated by Gel Compar II showing the genomic relatedness of clinical isolates Enterobacteriaceae carrying armA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr (A) and isolates carrying qepA and rmtB (B) determined by PFGE.
Table 1.
Distribution of plasmid-mediated qnr, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA genes among the clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae carrying armA or rmtB genes
Table 2.
Inc/replicon types of conjugative plasmids carrying plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and armA or rmtB genes
| Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes' | No. of transconjugants carrying plasmids having indicated genes and Inc plasmid | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| armA (n=153) | rmtB (n = 51) | ||||||
| A/C (n = 7) | A/C, I1-Iγ (n = 2) | FIIAs (n = 20) | L/M (n = 37) | NI a (n = 75) | F (n = 6) | ||
| qnrB4 | 15 | 61 | 76 | ||||
| qnrB6 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Aac(6′)-Ib-cr | 2 | 1 | 32 | 35 | |||
| qepA | 6 | 6 | |||||
| Total | 2 | 1 | 16 | 32 | 61 | 6 | 118 |
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