Expression of CCL18 (Dendritic Cell-Derived Chemokine) mRNA in Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Hoon-Young Park; Eun-Kyeong Jo; Hwa-Jung Kim; Jeong-Kyu Park

doi:10.4167/jbv.2008.38.4.227

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Park, Jo, Kim, and Park: Expression of CCL18 (Dendritic Cell-Derived Chemokine) mRNA in Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2008;38(4):227-234.

Published online: 18 January 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2008.38.4.227

Expression of CCL18 (Dendritic Cell-Derived Chemokine) mRNA in Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori

Hoon-Young Park, Eun-Kyeong Jo, Hwa-Jung Kim, Jeong-Kyu Park^∗

Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea

^∗Corresponding author: Jeong-Kyu Park, M.D., PhD. Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-Dong, Jung-Gu, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. Phone: +82-42-580-8244, Fax: +82-42-585-3686 e-mail: jekpark@cnu.ac.kr

^∗∗ This study was financially supported by research fund of Chungnam National University in 2006.

Revised 16 October 200815 December 2008 Accepted 18 December 2008

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major etiologic agent causing chronic gastritis, along with other features, including lymphoid follicles, surface epithelial degeneration with mucous depletion and intestinal metaplasia. To clarify the mechanism by which H. pylori induces gastric mucosal injury and development of lymphoid follicles, in this study we examined the expression of the iNOS, cagA, CCL3 and CCL18 mRNA in biopsy materials obtained from severe and mild chronic gastritis. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the rate of iNOS expression in mucosa of severe or mild chronic gastritis was 95.7% or 92.9, respectively. The expression of cagA mRNA in mucosa of severe chronic gastritis was 63.8%, but cagA mRNA was not found in mucosa of mild chronic gastritis. The expression of CCL3 mRNA in mucosa of severe chronic gastritis was 95.7%, but CCL3 mRNA was not found in mucosa of mild chronic gastritis. The expression of CCL18 mRNA was 53.2% in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa, but CCL18 mRNA was found in gastric mucosa without lymphoid follicle (46.8%). The prevalence of expression of both cagA and CCL18 mRNA was 59.6% and cagA mRNA expression without CCL18 was 16.7% in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa. These results suggest that the expression of iNOS mRNA in both mild and severe chronic gastritis is very high, therefore, the NO pathway is suspected of being an important factor in the etiology of chronic gastritis. The expression of cagA mRNA in gastric mucosa is associated with severity of chronic gastritis. Almost all of the CCL18 mRNA positive gastric mucosa were also expressing cagA, therefore CCL18 mRNA expression is closely related to the cagA mRNA expression (p<0.0001).

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Lymphoid follicle, cagA, CCL18

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Table 1.

Primers used for analysis of gene expression

Target gene	Nucleotide sequences	Target size
cagA	S 5′-GATAACAGGCAAGCTTTTGAGG-3′ A 5′-CTGCAAAAGATTGTTTGGCA-3′	349 bp
CCL3	S 5′-CGCCTGCTGCTTCAGCTACACCTCCGGCAGA-3′ A 5′-TGGACCCCTCAGGCACTCAGCTCCAGGTCGCT-3′	195 bp
iNOS	S 5′-ACACAGCCTCAGAGTCCTTC-3′ A 5′-GACTTTCCTGTCTCAGTAGC-3′	340 bp
CCL18	S 5′-ACAAGAGCTCTGCTGCCTC-3′ A 5′-CCCACTTCTTATTGGGGTCA-3′	156 bp

Table 2.

The expression of iNOS mRNA in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

^aL.F and ^bCLO/iNOS mRNA	Yes (%)	NO (%)	Total (%)
Present and positive	45 (95.7)	2 (4.3)	47 (100)
Absent and negative	26 (92.9)	2 (7.1)	28 (100)

^a LF: lymphoid follicle

^b CLO: CLO test

The two sided p value is 0.6265, considered not significant by Fisher's exact test.

Table 3.

The expression of cagA mRNA in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

^aL.F and ^bCLO/cagA mRNA	Yes (%)	NO (%)	Total (%)
Present and positive	30 (63.8)	17 (36.2)	47 (100)
Absent and negative	0 (0)	28 (100)	28 (100)

^a LF: lymphoid follicle

^b CLO: CLO test

The two sided p value is <0.0001, considered extremely significant by Fisher's exact test. There is a significant association between rows and columns.

Table 4.

The expression of CCL3 mRNA in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

^aL.F and ^bCLO/CCL3 mRNA	Yes (%)	NO (%)	Total (%)
Present and positive	45 (95.7)	2 (4.3)	47 (100)
Absent and negative	0 (0)	28 (100)	28 (100)

^a LF: lymphoid follicle

^b CLO: CLO test

The two sided one-side p value is <0.0001, considered extremely significant by Fisher's exact test. There is a significant association between rows and columns.

Table 5.

Interrelationships between cagA mRNA and CCL3 mRNA expression in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

cagA mRNA expression	+	+	–	Total
CCL3 mRNA expression	+	–	+
No of patients	28	2	17	47
% of patients	59.6	4.2	36.2	100

The two sided p value is 0.5282, considered not significant by Fisher's exact test.

Table 6.

The expression of CCL18 mRNA in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

^aL.F and ^bCLO/CCL18 mRNA	Yes (%)	NO (%)	Total (%)
Present and positive	25 (53.2)	22 (46.8)	47 (100)
Absent and negative	0 (0)	28 (100)	28 (100)

^a LF: lymphoid follicle

^b CLO: CLO test

The two sided p value is <0.0001, considered extremely significant by Fisher's exact test. There is a significant association between rows and columns.

Table 7.

Interrelationships between cagA and CCL18 mRNA expression in lymphoid follicle of gastric mucosa with CLO test positive

cagA mRNA expression	+	+	Total
CCL18 mRNA expression	+	–
No of patients	25	5	30
% of patients	83.3	16.7	100

The two sided p value is <0.0001, considered extremely significant by Fisher's exact test. There is a significant association between rows and columns.

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