Usefulness of Influenza Rapid Antigen Test in Influenza A (H1N1)

Byung-Kee Lee; Jung-Ki Ju; Bong-Seok Choi; Sang-Gun Jung; Jin-A Jung; Hyun-Jin Yun

doi:10.7581/pard.2012.22.1.71

Journal List > Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis > v.22(1) > 1033212

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Lee, Ju, Choi, Jung, Jung, and Yun: Usefulness of Influenza Rapid Antigen Test in Influenza A (H1N1)

Original Article

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease 2012; 22(1): 71-77.

Published online: 31 March 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7581/pard.2012.22.1.71

Usefulness of Influenza Rapid Antigen Test in Influenza A (H1N1)

Byung-Kee Lee, MD¹, Jung-Ki Ju, MD¹, Bong-Seok Choi, MD¹, Sang-Gun Jung, MD¹, Jin-A Jung, MD², Hyun-Jin Yun, MD³

¹Department of Pediatrics, Good Gang-An Hospital, Busan, Korea.

²Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

³Department of Pediatrics, Ilsan Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author (jinny198@hanmail.net)

Received 4 October 2011 Revised 8 November 2011 Accepted 29 November 2011

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of the influenza rapid antigen test, in comparison with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), according to the time of the test from symptom onset and the clinical manifestations in the patients tested for suspected infection of the influenza A (H1N1) at a second hospital.

Methods

A total of 529 pediatric patients, aged between 6 and 12 years old, who visited the emergency department from October 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009, received the influenza rapid antigen test and RT-PCR. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of the influenza rapid antigen test in comparison with RT-PCR according to the time of the test from symptom onset (<24 hours, 24 to 48 hours, 48 to 72 hours, >72 hours) and clinical manifestations (fever, cough, rhinorrhea·nasal obstruction, sore throat, gastrointestinal symptoms, and general symptoms) in a retrospective study based on hospital charts.

Results

The sensitivity of the influenza rapid antigen test at elapsed times of less than 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours, and 48 to 72 hours after the onset of the symptoms was 53.9%, 61.4%, and 62.1% respectively. When the elapse time was greater than 72 hours, the sensitivity was 31.6%; thus, the sensitivity of the influenza rapid antigen test tended to decrease with elapsed time. The sensitivity of the test was 79% in patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, which was the highest, but there was no statistical difference according to the clinical manifestations of the patients.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that more accurate results might be gained when the influenza rapid antigen test is performed within 72 hours after symptom onset.

Keywords: Influenza A (H1N1), Influenza rapid antigen test, RT-PCR, Children

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

The decrease in the sensitivity of the influenza rapid antigen test after 72 hours of symptom onset.

Table 1

Characteristics of Patients

Values are presented as mean±SD or number (%).

Table 2

Comparison of the Efficacies of Influenza Rapid Antigen Test and Real-Time PCR for detecting the Influenza A (H1N1) Virus (n=529)

RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

Table 3

Age Distribution and the Results of the Influenza Rapid Antigen Test and Real-Time PCR

RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; CI, confidence interval; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

Table 4

Result of the Influenza Rapid Antigen Test and Real-Time PCR according to the Symptoms

RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; CI, confidence interval; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

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