Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the prostate. We report a case of xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. An 82-year-old man presented to our emergency department complaining of gross hematuria. A hard, enlarged, non-tender prostate was palpated on digital rectal examination. Urinalysis showed hematuria and pyuria, and the complete blood count (CBC) revealed leukocytosis. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was elevated at 86.8 ng/ml. Computed tomography (CT) showed an enlarged prostate (volume 100 ml) that protruded into the bladder base. In the left lobe of the prostate, a 1.2×1.1-cm abscess was seen. Transurethral resection of the prostate was done. The pathological diagnosis was xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. The natural progression of the disease is unknown because of the paucity of cases and longterm follow-up reports. To evaluate the pathogenesis and longterm features of progression of this disease, more clinical cases should be collected.