The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans

Chul-Won Lee; Chul-Hwan Kim

doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2011.37.6.496

Journal List > J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg > v.37(6) > 1032509

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Lee and Kim: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans

Original Article

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;37(6):496-504.

Published online: 10 January 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2011.37.6.496

The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans

Chul-Won Lee, Chul-Hwan Kim

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea

Chul-Hwan Kim Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, San 29, Anseo-dong, Cheonan 330-714, Korea TEL: +82-41-550-1996 FAX: +82-41-551-8988 E-mail: kimchoms@dankook.ac.kr

Received 26 July 2011 Revised 8 November 2011 Accepted 24 November 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Introduction

This study compared the alveolar bone density of the mandible according to gender, age and position using Cone-beam computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods

The maxillofacial CT scan data was obtained from 60 Korean patients. In addition, the alveloar bone density of 5 males and 5 females with normal occlusion aged from 10 to 70 years was measured at the buccal cortical bone, cancellous bone and lingual cortical bone, as well as at the position of the incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

Results

The age-specific mean bone density was highest in patients in their third decade. The buccal cortical bone of the molars showed the highest bone density. Males in their fifties and sixties had a higher bone density in the cancellous bone in the region of the premolars and the buccal cortical bone of the molars, respectively, than females but there was no significant difference between males and females in the other parts. The cancellous bone density was highest in those in their twenties and thirties, and tended to decline up to their seventh decade.

Conclusion

These results revealed a significantly different bone density according to gender, age and position in the Korean population. In addition, it is possible to predict the bone density based on these results.

Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography, Mandibular alveolar bone density, Hounsfield unit

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Fig. 1.

Windows of EZ3D (2009 Professional Version, Vatech, Hwaseong, Korea) program, sagittal views. Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Fig. 2.

Tomography image showing the site of root in EZ3D (2009 Professional Version, Vatech, Hwaseong, Korea) program. Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Fig. 3.

Incisor point (between 41 to 42), canine point (between 43 to 44), premolar point (between 44 to 45), molar point (between 46 to 47). Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Fig. 4.

Bone density is expressed as hounsfield unit in EZ3D. This image showing in the area between 1st molar and 2nd molar of mandible. Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Fig. 5.

This image showing cancellous bone density in the area between 1st molar and 2nd molar of mandible. Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Table 1.

Patient distribution according to age and gender

Age (yr)	n (mean±standard deviation)
Age (yr)	Male	Female
11–20	5 (17.1±2.8)	5 (16.5±1.8)
21–30	5 (26.7±2.6)	5 (25.9±1.9)
31–40	5 (37.8±2.5)	5 (32.4±1.5)
41–50	5 (43.7±3.0)	5 (46.1±2.8)
51–60	5 (56.1±3.6)	5 (52.5±2.4)
61–70	5 (68.7±2.7)	5 (62.4±2.1)

Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Table 2.

Mean bone density of mandible (hounsfield unit, mean±standard deviation)

Age (yr)		11–20	21–30	31–40	41–50	51–60	61–70
Incisor	B. cortical	630.9±64	825.3±89	825.8±97	805.2±73	696.1±86	614.8±55
	Cancellou	s 354.9±66	473.4±75	498.3±95	439.6±95	388.0±95	184.4±29
	L. cortical	653.1±58	863.4±84	817.4±89	807.9±99	696.8±92	592.5±86
Canine	B. cortical	603.9±84	1,050.5±67	858.7±69	845.1±59	714.9±107	617.3±62
	Cancellou	s 390.7±69	508.2±59	499.2±99	431.1±79	391.7±95	172.4±48
	L. cortical	678.1±98	1,118.7±83	1,027.0±79	827.8±73	726.3±68	594.3±37
Premolar	B. cortical	608.0±73	1,149.7±88	955.7±71	1,019.8±68	889.6±98	698.7±65
	Cancellou	s 347.9±66	503.9±95	497.9±68	433.9±87	359.1±68	162.4±30
	L. cortical	712.2±109	1,241.1±160	1,035.5±95	1,066.1±66	1,117.2±121	670.9±81
Molar	B. cortical	700.2±91	1,336.6±94	1,346.3±135	1,179.1±113	1,081.6±134	865.5±67
	Cancellou	s 320.5±69	486.7±79	491.7±76	423.9±84	340.9±83	162.0±49
	L. cortical	739.1±130	1,350.5±94	1,262.4±241	1,095.2±149	1,112.6±98	771.9±51

(B.: buccal, L.: lingual) Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Table 3.

Statistical analysis of bone density and comparison between male and female (hounsfield unit, mean±standard deviation)

Age (yr) Gender		11–20			21–30
Age (yr) Gender		Male	Female	P-value	Male	Female	P-value
Incisor	B. cortical	653±70	609±76	NS	846±77	805±84	NS
	Cancellous	362±61	348±54	NS	455±51	492±66	NS
	L. cortical	634±78	672±74	NS	893±57	834±91	NS
Canine	B. cortical	611±97	596±87	NS	1,085±84	1,016±98	NS
	Cancellous	372±36	410±65	NS	495±54	522±53	NS
	L. cortical	658±85	698±51	NS	1,143±88	1,094±64	NS
Premolar	B. cortical	611±67	605±89	NS	1,200±62	1,099±94	NS
	Cancellous	340±83	355±61	NS	494±79	514±82	NS
	L. cortical	719±74	705±74	NS	1,222±119	1,260±70	NS
Molar	B. cortical	712±69	689±73	NS	1,344±138	1,329±70	NS
	Cancellous	309±99	332±71	NS	495±95	479±82	NS
	L. cortical	767±74	712±57	NS	1,366±73	1,335±93	NS

Age (yr) Gender		31–40			41–50
Age (yr) Gender		Male	Female	P-value	Male	Female	P-value
Incisor	B. cortical	824±76	828±68	NS	809±76	802±87	NS
	Cancellous	502±80	494±86	NS	431±65	448±73	NS
	L. cortical	836±51	791±65	NS	805±89	811±81	NS
Canine	B. cortical	868±62	849±77	NS	858±66	832±69	NS
	Cancellous	524±99	475±87	NS	424±90	436±79	NS
	L. cortical	1,052±71	1,002±89	NS	849±73	807±65	NS
Premolar	B. cortical	967±63	944±52	NS	1,076±85	964±63	NS
	Cancellous	499±75	496±69	NS	449±66	419±55	NS
	L. cortical	1,050±105	1,021±59	NS	1,103±96	1,029±84	NS
Molar	B. cortical	1,387±98	1,305±112	NS	1,176±78	1,182±116	NS
	Cancellous	489±68	494±65	NS	431±53	417±88	NS
	L. cortical	1,358±210	1,167±245	NS	1,128±140	1,063±132	NS

Age (yr) Gender		51–60			61–70
Age (yr) Gender		Male	Female	P-value	Male	Female	P-value
Incisor	B. cortical	728±65	664±88	NS	614±64	615±43	NS
	Cancellous	393±86	383±91	NS	190±13	179±18	NS
	L. cortical	724±76	669±86	NS	606±19	579±19	NS
Canine	B. cortical	731±62	698±78	NS	616±54	619±31	NS
	Cancellous	392±54	391±94	NS	171±21	174±18	NS
	L. cortical	756±80	696±72	NS	593±29	595±32	NS
Premolar	B. cortical	910±91	869±84	NS	714±41	683±77	NS
	Cancellous	399±25	320±35	^*	161±17	164±25	NS
	L. cortical	1,132±82	1,102±95	NS	688±30	654±34	NS
Molar	B. cortical	1,152±119	1,011±80	NS	900±36	831±29	^*
	Cancellous	358±81	324±95	NS	152±20	172±10	NS
	L. cortical	1,146±83	1,080±78	NS	808±21	736±21	NS

(B.: buccal, L.: lingual, NS: non significant)

^* P<0.05 by t-test

Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Table 4.

Statistical analysis of bone density as aging process (hounsfield unit, mean±standard deviation)

Age		11–20	21–30	31–40	41–50	51–60	61–70	P-value
Incisor	B. cortical	630.9±64	825.3±89	825.8±97	805.2±73	696.1±86	614.8±55	*
	Cancellous	354.9±66	473.4±75	498.3±95	439.6±95	388.0±95	184.4±29	*
	L. cortical	653.1±58	863.4±84	817.4±89	807.9±99	696.8±92	592.5±86	*
Canine	B. cortical	603.9±84	1,050.5±67	858.7±69	845.1±59	714.9±107	617.3±62	*
	Cancellous	390.7±69	508.2±59	499.2±99	431.1±79	391.7±95	172.4±48	*
	L. cortical	678.1±98	1,118.7±83	1,027.0±79	827.8±73	726.3±68	594.3±37	*
Pre-molat	B. cortical	608.0±73	1,149.7±88	955.7±71	1,019.8±68	889.6±98	698.7±65	*
	Cancellous	347.9±66	503.9±95	497.9±68	433.9±87	359.1±68	162.4±30	*
	L. cortical	712.2±109	1,241.1±160	1,035.5±95	1,066.1±66	1,117.2±121	670.9±81	*
Molar	B. cortical	700.2±91	1,336.6±94	1,346.3±135	1,179.1±113	1,081.6±134	865.5±67	*
	Cancellous	320.5±69	486.7±79	491.7±76	423.9±84	9±83	162.0±49	*
	L. cortical	739.1±130	1,350.5±94	1,262.4±241	1,095.2±149	1,112.6±98	771.9±51	*

(B.: buccal, L:. lingual)

^* P<0.05 by ANOVA

Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

Table 5.

Statistical analysis of bone density in each site (hounsfield unit, mean±standard deviation)

		Incisor	Canine	Premolar	Molar	P-value
11–20	B. cortical	630.9±64	603.9±84	608.0±73	700.2±91	*
	Cancellous	354.9±66	390.7±69	347.9±66	320.5±69	*
	L. cortical	653.1±58	678.1±98	712.2±109	739.1±130	*
21–30	B. cortical	825.3±89	1,050.5±67	1,149.7±88	1,336.6±94	*
	Cancellous	473.4±75	508.2±59	503.9±95	486.7±79	*
	L. cortical	863.4±84	1,118.7±83	1,241.1±160	1,350.5±94	*
31–40	B. cortical	825.8±97	858.7±69	955.7±71	1,346.3±135	*
	Cancellous	498.3±95	499.2±99	497.9±68	491.7±76	NS
	L. cortical	817.4±89	1,027.0±79	1,035.5±95	1,262.4±241	*
41–50	B. cortical	805.2±73	845.1±59	1,019.8±68	1,179.1±113	*
	Cancellous	439.6±95	431.1±79	433.9±87	423.9±84	NS
	L. cortical	807.9±99	827.8±73	1,066.1±66	1,095.2±149	*
51–60	B. cortical	696.1±86	714.9±107	889.6±98	1,081.6±134	*
	Cancellous	388.0±95	391.7±95	359.1±68	340.9±83	*
	L. cortical	696.8±92	726.3±68	1,117.2±121	1,112.6±98	*
61–70	B. cortical	614.8±55	617.3±62	698.7±65	865.5±67	*
	Cancellous	184.4±29	172.4±48	162.4±30	162.0±49	*
	L. cortical	592.5±86	594.3±37	670.9±81	771.9±51	*

(B.: buccal, L.: lingual, NS: non significant)

^* P<0.05 by ANOVA

Chul-Won Lee et al: The bone density of mandible as the aging process in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011

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