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Abstract
Primary nasal type natural killer (NK)/T cell (NKTC) lymphoma, a specific form of malignant lymphoma, has a higher geographic incidence in Oriental, Mexican, and South American populations than the Western population. In Koreans, it comprises 9-12% of all cases of non-Hodgkin’ s lymphoma. This type of lymphoma has also been named as angiocentic lymphoma and lethal midline granuloma because the most common site is the upper airway area and its clinical aggressiveness presents with a necrotic and destructive pattern. NKTC lymphoma can also be detected in different organs (testis, spleen, parotid gland, skin, gastroinstinal tract, central nervous system, lungs, bone marrow, etc.) other than the upper airway including the oral cavity. The lymphoma detected in the oral cavity shows various destructive and inflammatory changes, similar to the signs of inflammation and infection from periodontitis and pulpal disease, making a diagnosis difficult with just the clinical signs. For early detection, clinical, radiological, and pathological examinations are required. This report describes the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics with a case report for the early detection of NKTC lymphoma in the oral cavity.
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Fig. 1.
A: First examination: whitish ulceration was seen on right posterior gingival, B: After 1 week: progressed necrotic ulceration was seen after biopsy, C: After 2 weeks - more progressed fetid, grey to brown, necrotic, painful ulceration with malodour after re-biopsy.
Fig. 2.
The initial panoramic view showed a PDL space widening of #46 and 47, haziness and mucosal thickening in the maxillary sinus, both. (PDL: periodontal ligament)
Fig. 3.
A: Disappearance of the left Rosenmu ¨ller fossa (arrows) due to infiltrative tumor along the mucosa of the nasopharynx on axial CT scan, B: Note the involvement of NKTC lymphoma into ethmoidal sinus, nasal cavity and bilateral maxillary sinus. (CT: computed tomography, NKTC: natural killer T cell)
Fig. 4.
A: The initial panoramic view showed a periapical radiolucency on #23 and haziness in maxillary sinus, both, B: A late facial palsy of the left side arised with previous midfacial and left orbital swelling.
Fig. 5.
A, B: CT showing mucosal thickening of Lt. maxillary and ethmoidal sinus, C: Surgical specimen. (CT: computed tomography)
Fig. 6.
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma in the oral mucosa. The lymphomatous infiltrate involves the surface epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue.(original magnification x40) (NK: natural killer)
Fig. 7.
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma in the oral mucosa. An angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern is noted. This tumor is composed of predominantly of small cells with irregular nuclei.(original magnification x200) (NK: natural killer)
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