Non-alcoholic duct-destructive chronic pancreatitis is a new entity that differs morphologically and pathogenetically from alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Some clinical and imaging features of this entity resemble those of pancreatic cancer, and hence most of the reported cases underwent pancreatic resections including an invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy. Recognition of this new entity before a definitive treatment is therefore important to avoid an unnecessary pancreatic resection. Recently, we experienced a case of non-alcoholic duct-destructive chronic pancreatitis in an 80-year-old man presenting with obstructive jaundice and whose radiologic features were characteristic as originally described. Recognition of this new entity before definitive treatment enabled us to manage this patient optimally. In addition, the relation between non-alcoholic duct-destructive chronic pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis with diffuse irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct is discussed.