In general, FDP and D-dimer values have a correlation in clinical conditions associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) or coagulation activation. However, there are some patients with discordant results who demonstrate elevated FDP and negative D-dimer results by latex agglutination assays. The incidence and possible reasons for the discordance between FDP and D-dimer results were investigated through simultaneous measurements (n = 763) from clinical patients with suspected DIC or coagulation activation. 24.8% (189/763) of samples with elevated FDP were negative for D-dimer assays by the latex agglutination method. Further detailed analysis on randomly-selected discordant samples (n = 41) revealed that the most common reason for the discordance was the lower sensitivity of the semiquantitative latex agglutination method for D-dimer, compared with quantitative enzyme or other latex immunoassay. The other contributing factors to the discordance were accelerated fibrinogenolysis without secondary fibrinolysis, elevated soluble fibrin monomer and rheumatoid factor.