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Abstract
We investigated whether deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Isoproterenol was continuously infused subcutaneously (15 mg/kg/day) using an osmotic minipump. Isoproterenol reduced body weight and fat mass in both iNOS KO and wild-type mice compared with saline-infused wild-type mice. Isoproterenol increased the heart weight in both iNOS KO and wild-type mice but there was no difference between iNOS KO and wild-type mice. Posterior wall thickness of left ventricle showed the same tendency with heart weight. Protein level of iNOS in the left ventricle was increased in isoproterenol-infused wild-type mice. The gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in isoproterenol-infused wild-type was measured at 2, 4, 24, and 48-hour and isoproterenol increased both IL-6 (2, 4, 24, and 48-hour) and TGF-β (4 and 24-hour). Isoproterenol infusion for 7 days increased the mRNA level of IL-6 and TGF-β in iNOS KO mice, whereas the gene expression in wild-type mice was not increased. Phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK) was also increased by isoproterenol at 2 and 4-hour but was not increased at 7 days after infusion in wild-type mice. However, the increased pERK level in iNOS KO mice was maintained even at 7 days after isoproterenol infusion. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS does not prevent isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and may have potentially harmful effects on cardiac hypertrophy.
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Fig. 1.
Body weight (A), epididymal fat mass (B), heart weight (C) and posterior wall thickness (PWT) of left ventricle (D) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout (black bar) and wild-type (white bar) mice infused with saline or isoproterenol. The experimental cases in each group are 6 to 9. The results are presented as mean±SE. ∗p<0.05 vs. saline-infused corresponding control in wild-type and iNOS knockout and #p<0.05 vs. corresponding wild-type in saline and isoproterenol groups.
Fig. 2.
The effect of isoporterenol infusion on the mRNA expression (A) and protein level (B) of left ventricle in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout (black bar) and wild-type mice (white bar). The experimental cases in each group are 4 to 6. The results are presented as mean±SE. ∗p<0.05 vs. saline-infused corresponding control in wild-type and iNOS knockout and #p<0.05 vs. corresponding wild-type in saline and isoproterenol groups.
Fig. 3.
The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the left ventricle of mice. The mRNA level of IL-6 (A) and TGF-β (B) in isoproterenol-infused wild-type mice in a time dependent manner. The mRNA level of IL-6 (C) and TGF-β (D) in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout (black bar) and wild-type (white bar) mice infused with saline or isoproterenol. The experimental cases in C and D are 6 to 9 in each group. The results are presented as mean±SE. ∗p<0.05 vs. saline-infused iNOS knockout and #p<0.05 vs. isoproterenol-infused wild-type.
Fig. 4.
Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in the left ventricle of mice. Phosphorylation of ERK in isoproterenol-infused wild-type mice in a time dependent manner (A). Phosphorylation of ERK in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout (black bar) and wild-type (white bar) mice infused with saline or isoproterenol (B). The experimental cases in B are 6 to 9 in each group. The results are presented as mean±SE. ∗p<0.05 vs. saline-infused iNOS knockout and #p<0.05 vs. isoproterenol-infused wild-type.
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