To determine the effects of axial length on the development of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), determination of the affected eye, development of surgical complications, and visual prognosis, axial length was measured in 27 eyes each in surgical, non-surgical and control group and in 54 eyes each in occlusion (surgical + non-surgical group), non-affected eye (non-affected eyes of occlusion group), and non-occlusion group (both eyes of the control group). The average axial length was 22.61 mm in surgical, 22.48 mm in non-surgical, 23.09 mm in control, 22.55 mm in occlusion, 22.56 mm in non-affected eye, and 23.11 mm in non-occlusion group. The axial length showed a statistically significant difference between surgical and control group (p = 0.018), between non-surgical and control group (p = 0.002), and between occlusion and non-occlusion group (p < 0.001); however, no statistically significant difference was seen between surgical and non-surgical group, between non-affected eyes of surgical and non-surgical group, and between occlusion and non-affected eye group. Also, in such as BRVO groups as surgical, non-surgical, and occlusion groups, no correlation was present between axial length and degree of visual acuity recovery and final visual acuity. Although the possibility of developing BRVO is higher in those with short axial length, the axial length may have no relationship with the determination of the affected eye, visual prognosis and development of surgical complications.