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Medicine is one of the major scholarly fields all over the world. Its scientific scope covers a wide range of topics from basic and clinical research, and partly from humanities and social sciences.
Over the past two decades, Korean medicine has greatly expanded its scope, advanced basic and clinical research, accumulated cutting-edge information on clinical practice and moved towards highly specialised medical technologies. Along with that numerous Korean learned societies and related scholarly journals have been launched.
KOREAN ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL JOURNAL EDITORS
To meet the growing need of coordinating journal publishing and advancing science writing and editing skills, in February 1996 it was decided to launch Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE). Initially 51 medical journals and 7 individual members participated in the foundation meeting of KAMJE. At that time there were 224 Korean medical journals, with only five indexed on PubMed/Medline and none on Web of Science. Most journals were oriented towards the local readership. However, some scientists began to publish articles in international prestigious journals and the Korean government officially decided to encourage the international publication during the same period.
Currently there are 213 journals - regular members of KAMJE (1). The journals are mostly published by professional societies. KAMJE is now responsible for editors' training on writing, editing, scientific integrity and ethics. The Association also runs three databases, namely KoreaMed, KoreaMed Synapse and Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI), tracking member journals.
KoreaMed
The main aim of KAMJE is to improve the quality of local medical publications and to educate Korean editors, similar to that of many related learned associations (2). Also, it is aimed to improve visibility of Korean articles. Accordingly, one of the initial activities of KAMJE was to survey the status of local medical journals, to evaluate their quality and to arrange trainings on science writing and peer review. Subsequently, an important decision was made to establish an English-abstract database covering local medical journals - KoreaMed.
KoreaMed was launched in September 2001 with about 20,000 English abstracts from Medline (3). The number of abstracts has considerably grown to 184,731, accompanied by figures and tables from 187 journals as of April 2012. Current scope of KoreaMed abstracts ranges from medical sciences to dentistry, nursing, eubiotics, veterinary science and dietetics.
Functionality of KoreaMed is similar to PubMed, a database of abstracts, figures and tables operated by the US National Center for Biotechnology Information.
The journals listed in KoreaMed are reviewed and selected by a review committee in accordance with the KAMJE policies. Indexing in KoreaMed is subjected to the membership of a journal in KAMJE, its score from initial and repeated evaluations (7 yr after indexing). By 2011, 28 initial evaluations for 220 journals and ten reevaluations for 100 journals had been arranged. The evaluation is based on the quality of editorial board management, timeliness of publications, citation rates and journal indexing in international bibliographic databases such as PubMed. The evaluation is divided into three sections, each scored separately. The highest score is five. An average score of 2.3-2.8 was required for indexing before 2008 and higher than 3 after 2008.
The abstract retrieval in KoreaMed is facilitated by Naver, a local web portal, and Google (from 2006). Over the past years, many journals have established links to the KoreaMed website. The number of visitors to KoreaMed has increased from 120,000 in 2006 to 587,000 in 2007 and 720,000 in 2008. As a result of improved visibility, eleven Korean medical journals got indexed by Science Citation Index (SCI) in 2008 and seven in 2009. Currently, 25 KAMJE-member journals are listed in SCI-Expanded (SciSearch®).
KoreaMed SYNAPSE
KAMJE joined CrossRef in 2007 and started to tag with digital object identifiers (DOIs) individual articles of its member journals. Using the DOI links, a full-text platform named KoreaMed Synapse was launched (4). KoreaMed Synapse linked 117 local journals to cited references from all over the world. The platform helped to raise their global awareness of Korean journals and their citation chances. The number of visitors to KoreaMed Synapse has exceeded that of the KoreaMed. Hits to KoreaMed Synapse reached the level of over one million in 2010.
Korean Medical Citation Index
In 2001, the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences initiated a project of Korean Medical Citation Index (KoMCI) in collaboration with KAMJE (5). The KoMCI publishes annual citation analysis and generates impact factors of KoreaMed journals. In 2012, the KoMCI project has been transferred to KAMJE and will be managed together with the KoreaMed and the KoreaMed Synapse.
CONTINUOUS ACTIVITIES OF KAMJE
KAMJE activities supported by Korean Academy of Medical Sciences and other professional associations allowed to improve the quality and indexing chances of Korean medical journals (Table 1). Editors of the leading Korean medical journals now take responsibility for educating novice editors on editorial policies, standards of editing, scientific integrity, publication ethics, copyright issues and other topics of great interest to Korean authors, reviewers and editors. KAMJE members are now considering legitimate ways of increasing citation rate of Korean journals to make them more influential globally.
Experience of KAMJE in editing and indexing scholarly journals was instrumental for building up Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM), a project of the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, aimed at global accessibility of research publications from the region (6). In addition, the expansion of KAMJE activities led to the foundation of the Asian Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) in May 2008.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF KOREAN MEDICAL JOURNALS
KAMJE experts officially encourage open-access publishing as the driving force for better visibility and continuous improvement of the quality of its member journals. Opening access to full texts and making them freely available to the global readership is an advantage in the highly competitive journal publishing environment. In this regard, current trend of archiving local journals in PubMed Central should be appreciated (Table 1).
More efforts are needed to maintain focus on Korean issues and widen scope of the journals to reach global audience. Korean government currently encourages and supports publication of global journals. This strategy stimulates Korean journals for their survival.
Paradoxically, in spite of the boost in Korean scholarly publishing, several problems have emerged. Thanks to the developments in various Korean disciplines, there is an unprecedented growth of the number of specialised associations. These associations are required to publish at least one journal for official registration. Nonetheless, the growing number of the newly launched medical journals, published by numerous specialty and subspecialty professional associations, is not accompanied by growth of high-quality articles. Most great submissions are still attracted by handful top Korean journals, which creates shortages of articles for most local journals and dampens their influence.
An option to overcome this problem could be to co-publish journals by professional associations with closely related scopes of interest. However, co-publication may be also problematic given the issues of sharing publishing costs, organising joint editorial boards, etc.
Another big issue for Korean journals is that governmental organisations do not sufficiently prioritise publications in local journals when review research grant applications or hire specialists for academic institutions. This issue should be overcome by upgrading local journals to global journals.
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