Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
Individual patient values for global longitudinal strain are plotted for patients with normal function, patients with chronic AR and preserved LV ejection fraction (AR + PEF), and patients with chronic AR with reduced LV ejection fraction (AR + REF). There is a clear difference in the individual patient values for normals vs. both groups of AR patients. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LV ejection fraction, AR + REF: chronic aortic regurgitation and reduced LV ejection fraction, LV: left ventricular.
![jcu-23-219-g001](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-g001.jpg)
Fig. 2
Derived tissue Doppler recordings from the proximal septum and lateral wall are shown for a patient with moderate to severe chronic AR + PEF. The time to reach peak velocity was 110 msec later for the proximal lateral wall demonstrating systolic dyssynchrony. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
![jcu-23-219-g002](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-g002.jpg)
Table 1
Patient characteristics
![jcu-23-219-i001](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-i001.jpg)
*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001 vs. normals; §p < 0.05, ∥p < 0.01, ¶p < 0.0001; AR + PEF vs. AR + REF. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LV ejection fraction, AR + REF: chronic aortic regurgitation and reduced LV ejection fraction, ACEI/ARB: use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, LV: left ventricular
Table 3
Transmitral spectral Doppler and tissue annular Doppler parameters
![jcu-23-219-i003](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-i003.jpg)
*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001 vs. normals; §p < 0.05, ∥p < 0.01, ¶p < 0.0001; AR + PEF vs. AR + REF. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, AR + REF: chronic aortic regurgitation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, A: peak atrial filling velocity, E: peak mitral raid filling velocity, s': peak systolic mitral tissue Doppler velocity, e': peak rapid filling mitral annular velocity, TR: tricuspid regurgitation
Table 4
Hypertensive heart disease vs. chronic AR with preserved ejection fraction
![jcu-23-219-i004](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-i004.jpg)
HTHD: hypertensive heart disease, AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LV ejection fraction, LV: left ventricular A: peak atrial filling velocity, E: peak mitral raid filling velocity, s': peak systolic mitral tissue Doppler velocity, e': peak rapid filling mitral annular velocity, TR: tricuspid regurgitation
Table 5
Moderate vs. severe chronic aortic regurgitation
![jcu-23-219-i005](/upload/SynapseData/ArticleImage/0059jcu/jcu-23-219-i005.jpg)
*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001 vs. normals; §p < 0.05, ∥p < 0.01, ¶p < 0.0001; AR + PEF vs. AR + REF. AR + PEF: chronic aortic regurgitation and preserved LV ejection fraction, AR + REF: chronic aortic regurgitation and reduced LV ejection fraction, ACEI/ARB: use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, LV: left ventricular, A: peak atrial filling velocity, E: peak mitral raid filling velocity, s': peak systolic mitral tissue Doppler velocity, e': peak rapid filling mitral annular velocity, TR: tricuspid regurgitation