Relationship between Depression and Sleep Patterns of Middle School Student in Seoul

Sang-Sup Lee; Bung-Nyun Kim; Subin Park; Min-Hyeon Park

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2017.56.2.78

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Lee, Kim, Park, and Park: Relationship between Depression and Sleep Patterns of Middle School Student in Seoul

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2017; 56(2): 78-83.

Published online: 30 May 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2017.56.2.78

Relationship between Depression and Sleep Patterns of Middle School Student in Seoul

Sang-Sup Lee, MD¹, Bung-Nyun Kim, MD, PhD², Subin Park, MD, PhD³, Min-Hyeon Park, MD, PhD⁴

¹Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Research Planning, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Paul's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Min-Hyeon Park, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Paul's Hospital, 180 Wangsan-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02559, Korea. Tel +82-2-958-2153, Fax +82-2-966-5158, neominnie@daum.net

Received 13 September 2016 Revised 28 March 2017 Accepted 18 April 2017

Abstract

Objective

This study examined the association between the sleep patterns and depression of middle school students in Seoul.

Methods

450 adolescents attending middle school (mean age 14.07 years, 40% male) responded to the survey. The participants answered the self-administered questionnaires about sleep patterns (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, MEQ), sleep problems (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI ; Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), and depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI).

Results

The depressive group represented 25.9% of the total study sample with females exhibiting higher depressive index scores than males. Although the difference in the total sleeping time between the depressive group and control group was unspecified, the ISI and ESS scores were significantly higher in the depressive group than in the control group. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the total ISI and CDI scores. Those who scored higher than 8 on the ISI were 2.24 times more likely to belong to the depressive group, and those who scored higher than 7 on the ESS were 2.23 times more likely to belong to the depressive group.

Conclusion

The depressive group tended to suffer from insomnia and experience more severe daytime sleepiness than students in the control group. In addition, students suffering from more severe insomnia tended to have higher CDI scores than their counterparts. Furthermore, students suffering from insomnia and/or experiencing daytime sleepiness were at least twice as likely to develop depression than other students.

Keywords: Depression, Sleep pattern, Adolescents, Middle school student

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Sleep related indexes between non-depressive group and depressive group

^* : Corrected by gender

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2014R1A1A2057866).

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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