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Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to identify the differences in the profiles of cognitive control deficits among schizophrenic patients and endophenotypes.
Methods
The study examined three groups: remitted patients with schizophrenia (n=54), unaffected first-degree relatives of the probands with schizophrenia (n=36), and a healthy control group (n=51), which were all matched for age, sex, and years of education. The AX version of the continuous performance test was used to examine cognitive control. The error rate, correct response times of each subset (AX, BX, AY, BY), and d′ as an indication of the accuracy sensitivity index were calculated. The psychopathology, intelligence, and psychomotor speed were also assessed.
Results
Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly poorer error rates and d′ in the AX and BX subsets than the others. They showed more delayed correct response times than the healthy control group in all subsets. The first-degree relatives also showed more delayed correct response times in the BX and AY subsets than the healthy control group, but were similar to the patients.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Demographic and clinical features of the subjects
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. * : Analysis of variance and LSD's post hoc comparison were used. 1 : SPR-P, 2 : SPR-R, 3 : HC. † : Dosage equivalents of chlorpromazine. SPR-P : Patients with schizophrenia, SPR-R : Unaffected first-degree relatives of SPR-P, HC : Healthy controls, BPRS : Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, K-MADRS : Korean version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, AAP : Atypical antipsychotics
Table 2
Error rates of AX-CPT for the subjects
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. Analysis of covariance controlling age and K-MADRS was used. 1 : SPR-P, 2 : SPR-R, 3 : HC. * : By LSD test. CPT : Continuous performance task, SPR-P : Patients with schizophrenia, SPR-R : Unaffected first-degree relatives of SPR-P, HC : Healthy controls, AX : A trial type in which A precedes X, BX : A trial type in which B (any non-A cue) precedes X, AY : A trial type in which A precedes Y (any non-X probe), BY : A trial type in which B precedes Y, d′ : A sensitivity of defects, K-MADRS : Korean version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
Table 3
Correct response times of AX-CPT for the subjects
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. Analysis of covariance controlling age and K-MADRS was used. 1 : SPR-P, 2 : SPR-R, 3 : HC. * : By LSD test. CPT : Continuous performance task, SPR-P : Patients with schizophrenia, SPR-R : Unaffected first-degree relatives of SPR-P, HC : Healthy controls, AX : A trial type in which A precedes X, BX : A trial type in which B (any non-A cue) precedes X, AY : A trial type in which A precedes Y (any non-X probe), BY : A trial type in which B precedes Y, K-MADRS : Korean version of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
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