Correlation between Luteal Eating Behavior Symptom and Trait Anxiety in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder : A Preliminary Study

Juwon Ha; Eun-Jin Kim; Ho-Suk Suh; Chan-Hyung Kim; Kang-Seob Oh

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2016.55.1.60

Journal List > J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc > v.55(1) > 1017834

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Ha, Kim, Suh, Kim, and Oh: Correlation between Luteal Eating Behavior Symptom and Trait Anxiety in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder : A Preliminary Study

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2016; 55(1): 60-66.

Published online: 29 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2016.55.1.60

Correlation between Luteal Eating Behavior Symptom and Trait Anxiety in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder : A Preliminary Study

Juwon Ha, MD, Msc¹, Eun-Jin Kim, MD², Ho-Suk Suh, MD, PhD³, Chan-Hyung Kim, MD, PhD⁴, Kang-Seob Oh, MD, PhD²

¹Yonsei Forest Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Kang-Seob Oh, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea. Tel +82-2-2001-2214, Fax +82-2-2001-2211, kbsmcpsy@naver.com

Received 4 January 2016 Revised 22 January 2016 Accepted 4 February 2016

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between anxiety and premenstrual eating symptoms in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

Methods

A total of 49 women in the late luteal phase participated in this study. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. Eating symptoms were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and cocoa intake experiment. Estradiol, progesterone, and leptin were collected through venous blood.

Results

Participants with PMDD (n=25) showed a higher level of depression (p<0.001), trait anxiety (p=0.012), restrained eating symptoms (p=0.039), and leptin (p=0.015). Among PMDD patients in the luteal phase, trait anxiety showed correlation with emotional eating (p=0.023), alcohol (p=0.022), and unrestricted intake of cocoa (p=0.001).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that PMDD subjects showed higher trait anxiety, depression, and difficulty in eating behavior control. Trait anxiety plays an important role in increased and uncontrolled eating symptoms during the premenstrual period and chronic course of PMDD.

Keywords: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Trait anxiety, Eating behavior, Leptin, Premenstrual syndrome

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Demographic and menstrual characteristics

^* : p<0.05, ^† : Chi-square test. Others : Mann-Whitney U test. PMDD : Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Table 2

Physiological and psychological characteristics on the luteal phase

^* : p<0.05, ^† : Mann-Whitney U test, ^‡ : Multivariate analysis of covariant for adjusting interaction between subscales, ^§ : Multivariate analysis of covariant with serum glucose and body mass index adjusted. PMDD : Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, MDQ : Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, HAM-D : Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, STAI : Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory, DEBQ : Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire

Table 3

Correlation between trait anxiety symptom and eating related variables on the luteal phase

Data are shown as correlation coefficient (p value). Chocolate intake experiment : body mass index and serum glucose adjusted (partial correlation). Others : Spearmann's rho (simple correlation). ^* : p<0.05. DEBQ : Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, PMDD : Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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