Journal List > J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc > v.55(4) > 1017825

Kim, Jang, Hong, Lee, and Lee: Emotional Recognition of Musical-Auditory and Artful-Visual Stimuli in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Abstract

Objectives

OThis study aimed to explore the difference in emotional recognition of musical auditory stimulation and art-related visual stimulation between subjects with and without schizophrenia.

Methods

Twenty songs and 20 paintings that evoke sad or cheerful emotions were presented to 123 patients with schizophrenia and 224 non-schizophrenic people (control group). All subjects were asked to describe the emotions they felt during each auditory stimulation and each visual stimulation. To measure the emotional responses, the Emotional Empathy Scale was used. For members of the patient group, the levels of psychopathology and thought-related disorder were evaluated by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale, respectively.

Results

The rate of correct answers to musical auditory stimulation in the schizophrenia patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In addition, the rate of correct answers to the art visual stimulation in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the patient group showed lower emotional empathic ability than that shown by the control group. In the patient group, the correct answer rates to the musical and art stimulations were negatively correlated with the Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale.

Conclusion

Patients with schizophrenia have difficulty in achieving accurate emotional recognition of auditory and visual stimulations. This difficulty is associated with the lowered empathic ability and altered thinking disorder of patients with schizophrenia.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

The list of image.

jkna-55-415-g001
Table 1

The list of music

jkna-55-415-i001
Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics

jkna-55-415-i002

* : p<0.01. M : Mean, SD : Standard deviation, EES : Emotional Empathy Scale, PANSS : Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, FTDRS : Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale, DI : Duration of illness, GAF : Global Assessment of Functioning Scale

Table 3

Result of one-way ANCOVA adusted by education after stimulation experiment between patient and control group

jkna-55-415-i003

* : p<0.001

Table 4

Comaparison of correct response rate of musical auditory stimulation between patient and control group

jkna-55-415-i004

* : Adjusted by education level. M : Mean, SD : Standard deviation

Table 5

Comaparison of correct response rate of artful visual stimulation between patient and control group

jkna-55-415-i005

* : Adjusted by education level. M : Mean, SD : Standard deviation

Table 6

Correlation between variables in patients group

jkna-55-415-i006

* : p<0.05, : p<0.01. EES : Emotional Empathy Scale, PANSS : Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, FTDRS : Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale, GAF : Global Assessment Function Scale, CR-MR : Correct Response Rate of Music Recognition, CR-AR : Correct Response Rate of Art Recognition

Table 7

Correlation between variables in control group

jkna-55-415-i007

* : p<0.01. EES : Emotional Empathy Scale, CR-MR : Correct Response Rate of Music Recognition, CR-AR : Correct Response Rate of Art Recognition

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Wonkwang University in 2016.

Notes

Conflicts of Interest The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;2000.
2. Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Frith CD, Owens DG. The Northwick Park “functional” psychosis study: diagnosis and treatment response. Lancet. 1988; 2:119–125.
crossref
3. Min SK. Modern Psychiatry. 5th ed. Seoul: Ilchokak;2006.
4. Berenbaum H, Oltmanns TF. Emotional experience and expression in schizophrenia and depression. J Abnorm Psychol. 1992; 101:37–44.
crossref
5. Mueser KT, Doonan R, Penn DL, Blanchard JJ, Bellack AS, Nishith P, et al. Emotion recognition and social competence in chronic schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1996; 105:271–275.
crossref
6. Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul PA, deVries MW. Schizophrenia patients are more emotionally active than is assumed based on their behavior. Schizophr Bull. 2000; 26:847–854.
crossref
7. Ko YH, Oh SW. Comparison of emotional experience and emotional expressivity of patients with schizophrenia. Korean J Clin Psychol. 2012; 31:171–186.
crossref
8. Dowd EC, Barch DM. Anhedonia and emotional experience in schizophrenia: neural and behavioral indicators. Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 67:902–911.
crossref
9. Hoshi R, Scoales M, Mason O, Kamboj SK. Schizotypy and emotional memory. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2011; 42:504–510.
crossref
10. Min SK. A study of the concept of Hwa-Byung. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1989; 28:604–616.
11. Kerr SL, Neale JM. Emotion perception in schizophrenia: specific deficit or further evidence of generalized poor performance? J Abnorm Psychol. 1993; 102:312–318.
crossref
12. Addington J, Saeedi H, Addington D. Facial affect recognition: a mediator between cognitive and social functioning in psychosis? Schizophr Res. 2006; 85:142–150.
crossref
13. Edwards J, Jackson HJ, Pattison PE. Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia: a methodological review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2002; 22:789–832.
crossref
14. Cho UJ, Lee JS, Son JI, Seo HJ, Han YK, Park JH, et al. Recognition of musical nuance in patients with schizophrenia. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2011; 50:273–279.
15. Bach DR, Buxtorf K, Grandjean D, Strik WK. The influence of emotion clarity on emotional prosody identification in paranoid schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2009; 39:927–938.
crossref
16. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;1994.
17. Mehrabian A, Epstein N. A measure of emotional empathy. J Pers. 1972; 40:525–543.
18. Park SH. Empathy, empathic understanding. Seoul: Wonmisa;1994.
19. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976; 33:766–771.
20. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13:261–276.
crossref
21. Yi JS, Ahn YM, Shin HK, An SK, Joo YH, Kim SH, et al. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the positive and negative syndrome scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2001; 40:1090–1105.
22. Spitzer R, Endicott J. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). 2nd ed. New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute;1975.
23. Son CN. Formal thought disordered schizophrenics' loose construing. Korean J Clin Psychol. 1989; 8:97–115.
24. Hooker C, Park S. Emotion processing and its relationship to social functioning in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res. 2002; 112:41–50.
crossref
25. Kohler CG, Bilker W, Hagendoorn M, Gur RE, Gur RC. Emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia: association with symptomatology and cognition. Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 48:127–136.
crossref
26. Baudouin JY, Martin F, Tiberghien G, Verlut I, Franck N. Selective attention to facial emotion and identity in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia. 2002; 40:503–511.
crossref
27. Poole JH, Tobias FC, Vinogradov S. The functional relevance of affect recognition errors in schizophrenia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2000; 6:649–658.
crossref
28. Kohler CG, Turner TH, Bilker WB, Brensinger CM, Siegel SJ, Kanes SJ, et al. Facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia: intensity effects and error pattern. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160:1768–1774.
crossref
29. Heimberg C, Gur RE, Erwin RJ, Shtasel DL, Gur RC. Facial emotion discrimination: III. Behavioral findings in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1992; 42:253–265.
crossref
30. Goldberg TE, Gold JM. Neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: an overview. In : Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press;1995. p. 1245–1257.
31. Corrigan PW, Penn DL. Social Cognition and Schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association;2001.
32. Morrison RL, Bellack AS. Social functioning of schizophrenic patients: clinical and research issues. Schizophr Bull. 1987; 13:715–725.
crossref
33. Baron-Cohen S, Jolliffe T, Mortimore C, Robertson M. Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or asperger syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997; 38:813–822.
crossref
34. Penn DL, Corrigan PW, Bentall RP, Racenstein JM, Newman L. Social cognition in schizophrenia. Psychol Bull. 1997; 121:114–132.
crossref
35. Yang SK, Oh SS. Personality type, emotional expressiveness, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness in schizophrenia and normal controls. Korean J Clin Psychol. 2009; 28:15–33.
crossref
36. Eack SM, Newhill CE. Psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2007; 33:1225–1237.
crossref
37. Gray JA, Feldon J, Rawlins JNP, Hemsley DR, Smith AD. The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Sci. 1991; 14:1–20.
crossref
38. Kim CK, Jang JH, Kim JW, Cho JS, Kwang DH, Shim KS, et al. Effects of psychiatric rehabilitation on the number of relapse, number of admission, days of hospitalization, and direct treatment costs of schizophrenic patients: two-year follow-up study. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 1998; 37:811–823.
TOOLS
Similar articles