Clinical Significance for Neurofeedback Training of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Jeong In Kim; Sunkyung Yoon; Hyun Kyung Oh; Seung-Hwan Lee

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.1.62

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Kim, Yoon, Oh, and Lee: Clinical Significance for Neurofeedback Training of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Review Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2015; 54(1): 62-68.

Published online: 28 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.1.62

Clinical Significance for Neurofeedback Training of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Jeong In Kim, MA^1,², Sunkyung Yoon, MA¹, Hyun Kyung Oh, MA², Seung-Hwan Lee, MD^1,³

¹Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Korea.

²Rodem Psychology and Learning Counselling Center, Goyang, Korea.

³Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Seung-Hwan Lee, MD. Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang 411-706, Korea. Tel +82-31-910-7768, Fax +82-31-910-7268, lshpss@hanmail.net

Received 20 October 2014 Revised 4 December 2014 Accepted 29 January 2015

Abstract

The aim of this article was to determine clinical significance of neurofeedback training of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many previous studies showed that the characteristic pattern of electroencephalogram (EEG) can be found in ADHD children. Neurofeedback training is developed based on this characteristic EEG pattern. Theta power and theta/beta power ratio have been known as useful indicators of neurofeedback training. However, in Korea, direct analysis of EEG change patterns before and after neurofeedback training is very rare. We reviewed the current findings of neurofeedback training of children with ADHD, and its clinical implications were discussed.

Keywords: Neurofeedback, EEG, ADHD, Theta/beta ratio

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Mean theta/beta ratios database with ADHD and adult group (eye-opened). Permitted and Adapted from Lubar et al.18) [J Psychoeducational Assesment (ADHD Special, 1995), pp.143-160; Copyright 2015 by copyright holder, Reprinted by Permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.].

Table 1

Normative distribution of bandwidths at Cz, eyes-open, and eyes-closed

Adapted from Montgomery et al.17) J Neurother 1998;2:1-7.

SMR : Sensory motor rhythm

Table 2

Results of the theta/beta ratio meta-analysis of the papers that were recently published

^* : p<0.05, ^† : p<0.01. ADHD : attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD-IA : ADHD-inattention type. ADHD-CT : ADHD-combined type, C3 : LH sensorimotor cortex, C4 : RH sensorimotor cortex, M : medication, N : neurofeedback training, N+M : neurofeedback training with medication

Notes

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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