Exercise Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : Meta-Analysis of Domestic Study

Kyoung Doo Kang; Gi Jung Hyun; Jeong Ha Park; Doug Hyun Han

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.4.399

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Kang, Hyun, Park, and Han: Exercise Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : Meta-Analysis of Domestic Study

Review Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2015; 54(4): 399-405.

Published online: 30 November 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.4.399

Exercise Effect in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder : Meta-Analysis of Domestic Study

Kyoung Doo Kang, PhD¹, Gi Jung Hyun, MD², Jeong Ha Park, MD², Doug Hyun Han, MD, PhD²

¹Department of Industry Academic Cooperation, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Doug Hyun Han, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Korea. Tel +82-2-6299-3132, Fax +82-2-6299-1114, hduk70@gmail.com

Received 3 September 2015 Revised 17 September 2015 Accepted 17 September 2015

Abstract

The aim of this meta-analysis study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pertaining to cognitive function such as attention and impulsivity in children.ZA comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including Korean Information Service System, DBpia, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Assembly Library from 1995 to 2014. Search terms included 'ADHD', 'children', 'exercise', 'physical activity', and 'sports'. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using Q statistic. That is, these results revealed that effectiveness of exercise groups was higher by approximately 32% compared with control groups.ZEight studies (n=150) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis suggested that exercise has a moderate to large effect on core symptoms involved in attention [effect size (ES)=0.93] and impulsivity (ES=0.92) in children with ADHD. The main findings indicate that exercise, based on several types of exercise intervention, appears to be effective for mitigating symptoms such as attention, impulsivity in children with ADHD. From this perspective, exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of medication in children with ADHD. Future study related to exercise effect on ADHD symptoms is required in order to understand the specific evidence of relationship between exercise and core symptoms.

Keywords: Exercise, ADHD children, Attention, Impulsivity, Cognitive function

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Flowchart for the selection of studies. RISS : Research Information Sharing Service, KISS : Korean Information Service System, NAL : National Assembly Library.

Fig. 2

Effect size of exercise on attention symptom. CI : Confidence interval.

Fig. 3

Effect size of exercise on impulsivity symptom. CI : Confidence interval.

Table 1

Summary of characteristics of ADHD intervention studies

N : Number of participants, Min : Minutes, M : Male, F : Female, ADHD : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, SD : Standard deviation

Table 2

ES of attention variable according to ADHD exercise intervention

ES : Effect size, Std. error : Standard error, ADHD : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, CI : Confidence interval

Table 3

ES of impulsivity variable according to ADHD exercise intervention

ES : Effect size, Std. error : Standard error, ADHD : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, CI : Confidence interval

Notes

^{Conflicts of Interest} The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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