The Relationship between Social Exclusion and Paranoid Ideation: Analysis of Moderating and Mediating Effects of Depression and Self-Esteem

Bit Na Rae Kim; Hong Seock Lee; Jung Seo Yi; Heung Pyo Lee

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.6.394

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Kim, Lee, Yi, and Lee: The Relationship between Social Exclusion and Paranoid Ideation: Analysis of Moderating and Mediating Effects of Depression and Self-Esteem

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2014; 53(6): 394-401.

Published online: 30 November 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.6.394

The Relationship between Social Exclusion and Paranoid Ideation: Analysis of Moderating and Mediating Effects of Depression and Self-Esteem

Bit Na Rae Kim, MD¹, Hong Seock Lee, MD, PhD¹, Jung Seo Yi, MD, PhD¹, Heung Pyo Lee, PhD²

¹Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Art Therapy, Daegu Cyber University, Gyeongsan, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Heung Pyo Lee, PhD. Department of Art Therapy, Daegu Cyber University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang-eup, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea. Tel +82-53-850-4083, Fax +82-53-850-4019, youbefree@dcu.ac.kr

Received 5 September 2014 Revised 16 September 2014 Accepted 26 September 2014

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social exclusion and paranoid ideation, and to explore moderating and mediating effects of depression and self-esteem in that relationship.

Methods

Ninety seven neurosis patients receiving treatment in a psychiatric outpatient setting were selected. Social Exclusion Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, paranoia scale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation.

Results

Social exclusion showed highly positive correlation with paranoid ideation, and had significant influence. Among three types of social exclusion, contempt, bullying, and isolation, only isolation showed significant influence on paranoid ideation. Depression showed a partial mediating effect on that relationship indicating that social exclusion affects paranoid ideation not only directly, but also indirectly. On the other hand, self-esteem showed no moderating or mediating effects on that relationship.

Conclusion

Depression mediates the influence of social exclusion on paranoid ideation. This finding provides an opportunity to decrease paranoid ideation of neurosis patients by not only prescription of antipsychotic agents but also therapeutic approach to social exclusion and depression. An experimental study to verify these findings seems to be needed.

Keywords: Social exclusion, Social isolation, Paranoia, Depression, Self-esteem

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Analysis of structural equation model. ^*: p<0.05, ^***: p<0.01.

Table 1

Socio-demographic characteristics (n=97)

PTSD : Posttraumatic stress disorder

Table 2

SES, SCL-90-R, BDI, and RSES of study subjects

BDI : Beck Depression Inventory, RSES : Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, SCL-90-R : Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SES : Social Exclusion Scale, SD : Standard deviation

Table 3

Correlations among variables

^**: p<0.01

Table 4

Result of regression analysis

^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

Notes

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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