A Preliminary Comparative Study of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and Computerized Neuropsychological Test in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Hee Sun Kim; Yong Min An; Jun Soo Kwon; Min-Sup Shin

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2013.52.2.76

Journal List > J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc > v.52(2) > 1017666

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Kim, An, Kwon, and Shin: A Preliminary Comparative Study of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and Computerized Neuropsychological Test in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2013; 52(2): 76-83.

Published online: 31 March 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2013.52.2.76

A Preliminary Comparative Study of Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and Computerized Neuropsychological Test in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Hee Sun Kim, MA¹, Yong Min An, MD^1,², Jun Soo Kwon, MD^1,², Min-Sup Shin, PhD^1,²

¹Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Address for correspondence Min-Sup Shin, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea. Tel +82-2-2072-2454, Fax +82-2-744-7241, shinms@snu.ac.kr

Received 22 November 2012 Revised 18 December 2012 Accepted 14 January 2013

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of attention and memory subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) through their correlations with the subtests of the Computerized Neuropsychological Test (CNT).

Methods

Three subtests of the CANTAB and three subtests of the CNT assessing attention and memory functions were administered to 33 inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The subtests of the CANTAB include Rapid Visual information Processing (RVP), Spatial SPan (SSP), and Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM). This study investigated the differences of each subtest score between the two patient groups and the correlations between subtest scores of the CANTAB and CNT that were related to attention and memory functions.

Results

Significant difference in the two groups was found only in the Verbal Learning Test (VLT) of the CNT. In both groups, the PRM subtest of the CANTAB showed significant correlation with the VST and the VLT of the CNT. Also, the SSP subtest of the CANTAB and the VST of the CNT showed significant positive correlation. In addition, the RVP subtest of the CANTAB and the visual continuous performance test of the CNT, which measure the sustained attention in common, showed significant correlation.

Conclusion

The concurrent validity of the attention and memory subtests of the CANTAB for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was verified. Results of this study suggest that the CANTAB would be widely used for assessment of neuro-cognitive impairments of patients with psychiatric disorders.

Keywords: Computerized neuropsychological test, Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), Memory, Attention, Validity

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Comparison of general characteristics between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

IQ : Intelligence quotient, PANSS : Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, YMRS : Young Mania Rating Scale, BDI : Beck Depression Index, BAI : Beck Anxiety Index, SD : Standard deviation

Table 2

Comparison of the CANTAB and the CNT scores between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

CANTAB : Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, CNT : Computerized neuropsychological test, PRM : Pattern recognition memory, SSP : Spatial Span, RVP : Rapid visual information processing, VLT : Verbal learning test, VST : Visual span test, CPT : Continuous performance test

Table 3

Correlation between memory and attention subtests of the CANTAB and the CNT

Notes

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

References

1. Barnett JH, Robbins TW, Leeson VC, Sahakian BJ, Joyce EM, Blackwell AD. Assessing cognitive function in clinical trials of schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010. 34:1161–1177.

2. Quraishi S, Frangou S. Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder: a review. J Affect Disord. 2002. 72:209–226.

3. Daban C, Martinez-Aran A, Torrent C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Balanzá-Martínez V, Salazar-Fraile J, et al. Specificity of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder versus schizophrenia. A systematic review. Psychother Psychosom. 2006. 75:72–84.

4. Green MF. Cognitive impairment and functional outcome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006. 67:Suppl 9. 3–8. discussion 36-42.

5. Ritsner MS, Blumenkrantz H, Dubinsky T, Dwolatzky T. The detection of neurocognitive decline in schizophrenia using the Mindstreams Computerized Cognitive Test Battery. Schizophr Res. 2006. 82:39–49.

6. Kern RS, Gold JM, Dickinson D, Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Baade LE, et al. The MCCB impairment profile for schizophrenia outpatients: results from the MATRICS psychometric and standardization study. Schizophr Res. 2011. 126:124–131.

7. Levaux MN, Potvin S, Sepehry AA, Sablier J, Mendrek A, Stip E. Computerized assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: promises and pitfalls of CANTAB. Eur Psychiatry. 2007. 22:104–115.

8. Kane RL, Kay GG. Computerized assessment in neuropsychology: a review of tests and test batteries. Neuropsychol Rev. 1992. 3:1–117.

9. Goldberg MC, Mostofsky SH, Cutting LE, Mahone EM, Astor BC, Denckla MB, et al. Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. J Autism Dev Disord. 2005. 35:279–293.

10. Egerházi A, Berecz R, Barták E, Degrell I. Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007. 31:746–751.

11. Barrett SL, Mulholland CC, Cooper SJ, Rushe TM. Patterns of neurocognitive impairment in first-episode bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2009. 195:67–72.

12. Ha KS, Kwon JS, Lyoo IK. Development and standardization of the computerized attention assessment for Korean adults. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2002. 41:335–346.

13. Kwon JS, Lyoo IK, Hong KS, Yeon BK, Ha KS. Development and standardization of the computerized memory assessment for Korean adults. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2002. 41:347–362.

14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV. 1994. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

15. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987. 13:261–276.

16. Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978. 133:429–435.

17. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1967. 6:278–296.

18. Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 1959. 32:50–55.

19. McGrath J, Chapple B, Wright M. Working memory in schizophrenia and mania: correlation with symptoms during the acute and subacute phases. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001. 103:181–188.

20. Liu SK, Chiu CH, Chang CJ, Hwang TJ, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Deficits in sustained attention in schizophrenia and affective disorders: stable versus state-dependent markers. Am J Psychiatry. 2002. 159:975–982.

21. Hill SK, Beers SR, Kmiec JA, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA. Impairment of verbal memory and learning in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2004. 68:127–136.

22. Cirillo MA, Seidman LJ. Verbal declarative memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: from clinical assessment to genetics and brain mechanisms. Neuropsychol Rev. 2003. 13:43–77.

23. Lewandowski KE, Cohen BM, Ongur D. Evolution of neuropsychological dysfunction during the course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychol Med. 2011. 41:225–241.

24. McClellan J, Prezbindowski A, Breiger D, McCurry C. Neuropsychological functioning in early onset psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res. 2004. 68:21–26.

25. Clark L, Iversen SD, Goodwin GM. Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2002. 180:313–319.

26. Krabbendam L, Honig A, Wiersma J, Vuurman EF, Hofman PA, Derix MM, et al. Cognitive dysfunctions and white matter lesions in patients with bipolar disorder in remission. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000. 101:274–280.

27. Docherty NM, Hawkins KA, Hoffman RE, Quinlan DM, Rakfeldt J, Sledge WH. Working memory, attention, and communication disturbances in schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1996. 105:212–219.

28. Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Semple J, Polkey CE, Robbins TW. Visuospatial short-term recognition memory and learning after temporal lobe excisions, frontal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man. Neuropsychologia. 1995. 33:1–24.

29. Robbins TW, James M, Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Lawrence AD, McInnes L, et al. A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging. Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1998. 4:474–490.

30. Milner B. Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. Br Med Bull. 1971. 27:272–277.

31. Halperin JM, Sharma V, Greenblatt E, Schwartz ST. Assessment of the continuous performance test: reliability and validity in a nonreferred sample. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991. 3:603–608.

TOOLS

Similar articles