The Effect of Bilaterally Alternating Auditory Stimulations on the Episodic Memory Retrieval

Jae-Chang Lee; Ji-Woong Kim; Hyuk-Chan Kwon; Kiwoong Kim; Min-Young Kim; Yong-Ho Lee; Sanghyun Lim; Seung-Jun Kim

doi:10.4306/jknpa.2013.52.5.353

Journal List > J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc > v.52(5) > 1017650

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Lee, Kim, Kwon, Kim, Kim, Lee, Lim, and Kim: The Effect of Bilaterally Alternating Auditory Stimulations on the Episodic Memory Retrieval

Original Article

Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2013; 52(5): 353-359.

Published online: 30 September 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2013.52.5.353

The Effect of Bilaterally Alternating Auditory Stimulations on the Episodic Memory Retrieval

Jae-Chang Lee, MD¹, Ji-Woong Kim, MD, PhD¹, Hyuk-Chan Kwon, PhD², Kiwoong Kim, PhD², Min-Young Kim, PhD², Yong-Ho Lee, PhD², Sanghyun Lim, MS^2,³, Seung-Jun Kim, MD¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

²Center for Brain and Cognition Measurement, Division of Convergence Technology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Korea.

³Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

Address for correspondence: Ji-Woong Kim, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-182, Korea. Tel: +82-42-600-9160, Fax: +82-42-600-9090, Cortex@konyang.ac.kr

Received 22 May 2013 Revised 26 June 2013 Accepted 25 July 2013

Abstract

Objectives

Previous research has shown that bilaterally alternating eye movements enhance episodic memory retrieval. This effect has been considered an important mechanism of the therapeutic effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment. We conducted this study in order to test the hypothesis that bilaterally alternating auditory stimuli would also have similar effects on episodic memory retrieval.

Methods

Thirty eight right-handed subjects participated in this study. Subjects learned words, and then received bilaterally alternating auditory stimuli (as experimental stimuli) or unilateral auditory stimuli (as control stimuli). Subsequently, they performed recognition memory task. Recognition accuracy, response bias, and mean response to hits were used for evaluation of episodic memory retrieval. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for statistical analysis.

Results

There was no significant effect of experimental conditions in recognition accuracy, the response bias, and mean response time to hits.

Conclusion

Unlike the previous positive results of bilaterally alternating eye movements, we did not observe an enhancing effect of bilaterally alternating auditory stimuli compared to unilateral auditory stimuli on episodic memory retrieval. This result suggests the possibility that the therapeutic mechanisms of EMDR might differ according to modalities of bilateral stimulation.

Keywords: Bilateral stimuli, Auditory stimuli, Episodic memory, Eye movement desensitization reprocessing

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Recognition accuracy (Pr) for word type and auditory stimuli condition.

Fig. 2

Mean response time to hits for word type and auditory stimuli condition.

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of participants

n : Number, M : Mean, SD : Standard deviation, K-WAIS IQ : Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale intelligence quotients

Table 2

Recognition accuracy (Pr) and response bias (Br) and mean response time to hits (msec) values as a function of memory task and auditory stimuli condition

M : Mean, SD : Standard deviation

Notes

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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