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Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify influences of stress, anxiety, depression, and personality trait on nausea, vomiting, and retching of breast cancer patients perceiving chemotherapy.
Methods
Breast cancer patients who were admitted to Ewha Womans University Cancer Center for women to receive chemotherapy participated in the study. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical factors, self-reported questionnaires, including Type D personality Scale 14, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Global Assessment of Recent Stress scale were used to evaluate psychological factors of the subjects. For examination of anticipatory and post chemotherapy nausea, vomiting, and retching, the subjects filled out the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching and Visual Analogue Scale.
Results
No significant influence of type D personality, anxiety, or depression on nausea, vomiting, and retching was observed. If the patient experienced more severe stress, higher scores for anticipatory and post chemotherapy nausea, vomiting, and retching were recorded. The tendency was retained after adjusting for the cycle number of chemotherapy, the emetic risk of the chemotherapy regimen, type D personality, anxiety, and depression. Specifically, financial problems, unusual happenings, ordinary daily stress, and general stress were significantly related to nausea, vomiting, and retching.
Figures and Tables
Table 2
Association of type D personality and nausea, vomiting, and retching
*: p<0.05. Model I : Unadjusted, Model 2 : Adjusted for cycle no. and emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, Model 3 : Adjusted for cycle no., emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, anxiety, depression, and stress, NA : Negative affectivity, SI : Social inhibition, INVR : Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching, VAS : Visual Analogue Scale
Table 3
Association of anxiety/depression and nausea, vomiting, and retching
*: p<0.05. Model I : Unadjusted, Model 2 : Adjusted for cycle no. and emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, Model 3 : Adjusted for cycle no., emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, type D personality, depression, and stress, Model 4 : Adjusted for cycle no., emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, type D personality, anxiety, and stress, NA : Negative affectivity, SI : Social inhibition, INVR : Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching, VAS : Visual Analogue Scale
Table 4
Association of stress and nausea, vomiting, and retching
*: p<0.05, †: p<0.01. Model I : Unadjusted, Model 2 : Adjusted for cycle no. and emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, Model 3 : Adjusted for cycle no., emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, type D personality, anxiety, and depression, INVR : Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching, VAS : Visual Analogue Scale
Table 5
Association of anticipatory and post chemotherapy nausea, vomiting, and retching by linear regression analyses
*: p<0.01. Model 1 : Unadjusted, Model 2 : Adjusted for cycle no. and emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, Model 3 : Adjusted for cycle no., emetic risk of chemotherapy regimen, type D personality, anxiety, and depression, stress, INVR : Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting, and retching, VAS : Visual Analogue Scale
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