A pulmonary embolism is a rare, but well described complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty; the majority of cases are caused by acrylic cement. Here, for the first time, we report a case of pulmonary embolism due to a thrombus in the right atrium, which was caused by an acrylic cement foreign body in the right atrium and central veins 6 years after percutaneous vertebroplasty. This case suggests that an acrylic cement foreign body should be considered as a potential source of thrombus formation in patients that develop a pulmonary embolism following percutaneous vertebroplasty.