Abstract
Background and Objectives
Recent technical developments with high-resolution real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) have facilitated the acquisition of high quality images and the analysis of segmental volume-time curves (VTCs). The purposes of this study were to assess left ventricular (LV) asynchrony with using the VTCs of 16 segments by RT3DE and to compare this with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) as a clinical parameter.
Subjects and Methods
Twenty-three heart failure (HF) patients (LVEF: 25±6%, age: 60±13 years) and 16 normal controls underwent TDI and RT3DE at baseline and 1-year. The standard deviation (SD3) of the end systolic time to reach the minimal systolic volume for the 16 segments on VTCs was obtained by RT3DE. The standard deviation (SD2) of the electromechanical coupling time for the 8 segments was measured using TDI.
Results
SD3 was markedly higher in the HF patients than that in the controls (7.7±2.5 vs 1.5±1.0%, respectively, p<0.01) and it increased as the LVEF decreased (r=-0.85, p<0.01). SD2 was also significantly higher in the HF patients (27.0±8.6 vs 12.6±5.0 msec, respectively, p<0.01) and it had good negative correlation with the LVEF (r=-0.72, p<0.01). SD3 was well correlated with SD2 (r=0.66, p<0.01). At 1-year, the HF patients with an increased LVEF showed a decreased SD3 (7/13). In contrast, the patients with a decreased LVEF had an increased SD3 (3/13).