Journal List > Korean J Perinatol > v.26(4) > 1013770

Moon, Lee, Ro, and Kim: Vitamin D in Full-term Neonates in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province of Korea and the Association with Maternal and Neonatal Diseases

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] levels of full-term neonates in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province of Korea to determine the association between maternal and neonatal diseases, known to be affected by low 25(OH)D3 levels.

Methods

Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were evaluated in full-term neonates (n=122) who were born at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Normal full-term neonates (control group, n=38) were classified by sex, season of birth, and delivery mode (normal or caesarean section). Serum 25(OH)D3 levels in neonates (n=84) with maternal diseases (gestational diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, pregnancy induced hypertension, premature rupture of membrane and systemic lupus erythematosus) and neonatal diseases (small for gestational age, transient tachypnea of newborn and pneumonia) were compared with those in control group.

Results

The mean serum 25(OH)D3 level in the control group was 9.2±5.0 ng/mL. There were no statistically significant differences of serum 25(OH)D3 level between the control group and the disease group. In the control group, 63.2% of serum 25(OH)D3 levels referred to vitamin D deficiency, and 34.2% referred to vitamin D insufficiency. In the maternal disease group and the neonatal disease group, 56.1% and 63.0% of serum 25(OH)D3 levels referred to vitamin D deficiency, and 35.0% and 33.3% referred to vitamin D insufficiency.

Conclusion

High percentages of neonates were found to be deficient or insufficient in vitamin D. Although low 25(OH)D3 levels have previously been associated with maternal and infant diseases, the association was not observed in this study.

References

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Table 1.
Comparison of Serum Levels of 25(OH)D3 according to Gender and Season of Birth in the Control Group
  Number of infant (%) 25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) P value
Gender
 Male 24 (63.1) 10.6±6.6 0.215
 Female 14 (36.9) 8.2±3.6  
Season of birth
 Spring 9 (23.6) 7.3±3.8 0.058
 Summer 11 (28.9) 10.9±7.2  
 Autumn 12 (31.6) 10.8±4.0  
 Winter 6 (15.8) 6.3±2.4  
Table 2.
Comparison of Serum Levels of 25(OH)D3 between Control Group and Maternal Diseased Group
  Control Maternal disease
DM HypoTy PIH ROM SLE
N 38 29 8 7 7 6
Wt (g) 3218±353.9 3092±471.5 2776±478.3 2717±541.7 3241±227.3 3145±426.6
GA (week) 38.7±1.2 38.1±0.9 38.3±0.8 37.8±0.8 38.6±1.2 38.7±0.8
M:F 1:0.7 1:1.3 1:1 1:1.3 1:0.2 1:1
Maternal age (yr) 35.2±4.8 36.7±4.5 34.8±3.5 32.2±5.5 36.6±4.2 37.4±5.0
C-sec(%) 29 (76.3) 20 (69.0) 8 (100) 6 (85.8) 5 (71.4) 3 (50.0)
25(OH)D3 ng/mL
 <10 24 (63.2) 16 (55.2) 4 (50.0) 4 (57.1) 5 (71.5) 3 (50.0)
 10–20 13 (34.2) 9 (31.0) 4 (50.0) 2 (28.5) 2 (28.6) 3 (50.0)
 21–30 1 (2.4) 4 (13.8) 0 1 (14.3) 0 0
 >30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 9.2±5.0 11.5±5.7 9.3±4.2 10.7±9.0 8.9±3.3 9.7±4.2
Ca (mg/dL) 9.6±0.7 9.6±0.5 9.3±0.4 9.6±0.3 9.6±0.6 8.9±1.0
P (mg/dL) 5.1±0.6 5.4±0.5 5.6±0.6 5.1±0.6 5.0±0.5 4.5±1.5
ALP (U/L) 151.7±49.9 156.1±66.4 148.4±5.9 1807±28.5 133.3±67.0 116.3±45.5

Data are presented as number(percent) and mean±standard deviation. Abbreviations: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HypoTy, hypothyroidism; PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; N, number of infant; Wt, weight; GA, gestational age; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; alkaline phosphatase, ALP.

Table 3.
Comparison of Serum Levels of 25(OH)D3 between Control Group and Neonatal Diseases Group
  Control Maternal disease
DM HypoTy PIH
N 38 10 7 10
Wt (g) 3218±353.9 3349±374.2 3501±339.0 2144±246.1
GA (wk) 38.7±1.2 38.5±1.2 38.9±1.0 38.5±1.5
M:F 1:0.7 1:0.1 1:0.4 1:0.7
Maternal age (yr) 35.2±4.8 31.5±4.2 33.5±4.5 35.5±5.8
C-sec(%) 29 (76.3) 8 (80.0) 6 (85.7) 7 (70.0)
25(OH)D3 ng/mL
 <10 24 (63.2) 7 (70.0) 4 (57.1) 6 (60.0)
 10–20 13 (34.2) 3 (30.0) 2 (28.6) 4 (40.0)
 21–30 1 (2.4) 0 1 (14.3) 0
 >30 0 0 0 0
Mean 9.2±5.0 8.7±4.5 11.0±7.6 10.5±4.3
Ca (mg/dL) 9.6±0.7 9.2±1.0 9.0±0.6 9.5±0.6
P (mg/dL) 5.1±0.6 6.3±1.0 5.8±1.1 4.8±0.8
ALP (U/L) 151.7±49.9 174.7±77.5 144.6±49.6 167.5±43.0

Data are presented as number(percent) and mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: TTN, Transient tachypnea of the newborn; SGA, small for gestational age; N, number of infant; Wt, weight; GA, gestational age; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; alkaline phosphatase, ALP.

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