Efficacy and Safety of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm Infants in Korea

Joo Hee Lim; Jeong-Eun Shin; Soon Min Lee; Ho Sun Eun; Min Soo Park; Kook In Park; Ran Namgung

doi:10.14734/kjp.2015.26.4.305

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Lim, Shin, Lee, Eun, Park, Park, and Namgung: Efficacy and Safety of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm Infants in Korea

Original Article

Korean J Perinatol 2015;26(4):305-311.

Published online: 20 December 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14734/kjp.2015.26.4.305

Efficacy and Safety of Kangaroo Mother Care in Preterm Infants in Korea

Joo Hee Lim, M.D., Jeong-Eun Shin, M.D., Soon Min Lee, M.D., Ho Sun Eun, M.D., Min Soo Park, M.D., Kook In Park, M.D., Ran Namgung, M.D.

Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence to: Soon Min Lee, M.D. Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea Tel: +82-2-2019-3350, Fax: +82-2-3461-9473 E-mail: SMLEE@yuhs.ac

Received 23 June 2015 Revised 15 October 2015 Accepted 15 October 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the safety of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and to analyze its medical and psychological effects.

Methods

Forty five preterm infants, admitted to Gangnam Severance Hospital NICU from October 2012 to September 2013, were recruited. KMC was performed for 1 hour daily until the discharge by either mother or father. The medical effects in KMC group were compared with historical control group. Psychological effects in KMC group were made a comparison with the non-KMC group.

Results

The mean gestational age was 31.3±3.5 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1,080±250 g. KMC was started at the mean age of 18.3±8.4 days. No event of hypothermia, bradycardia, desaturation, or hypotension occurred. There was no event of death or sepsis. Four patients (9%) had apnea but recovered after the tactile stimulation. Duration of the hospitalization in KMC group was significantly shorter than control group (P=0.041). Spielberger's anxiety scale decreased from 49.7 to 48.5. Muller's maternal attachment inventory increased from 98.4 to 99.5. Reduction of the self-happiness score improved from 5% to 70%. The score for Spielberger's anxiety scale tended to be lower in the KMC group than in the control group without statistically significant. Muller's maternal attachment inventory score was significantly higher in the KMC group.

Conclusion

KMC is a safe method to Korean preterm infants. Due to reduction of hospitalization and beneficial psychological effect, we believe that offering KMC to more preterm infants as a supplement therapy will be useful.

Keywords: Kangaroo mother care, Preterm infants, Clinical Efficacy, Safety

References

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Fig. 1.

Comparisons of vital signs between before and after kangaroo mother care. Abbreviations: KMC, kangaroo mother care; BT, body temperature; PR, pulse rate; BP, blood pressure; Sat, saturation.

Fig. 2.

Comparisons of psychological effects between before and after kangaroo mother care. Abbreviations: KMC, kangaroo mother care; STAI, state-trait anxiety Inventory by Spielberger; MAI, maternal attachment inventory by Muller.

Table 1.

Adverse Effects during Kangaroo Care

Adverse effects	Number (%)
Cessation of KMC	18 (4%)
Death	0 (0%)
Sepsis	0 (0%)
Apnea	4 (9%)
Hypothermia	0 (0%)

Abbreviations: KMC, kangaroo mother care,

Table 2.

Comparison of Variables between KMC Group and Historical Control Group

	KMC group (n=45)	Control group (n=68)	P-value
Gestational age (wk)	31.3±3.5	32.1±3.8	NS
Birth weight (g)	1,080± 250	1,010±311	NS
Duration of hospitalization (d)	84.2±21.3	103.3±27.6	0.038
Body Weight at discharge (g)	2,310±390	2,150±315	NS
BPD (≥mod), n (%)	10 (22%)	15 (22%)	NS
Sepsis, n (%)	0 (0%)	8 (11%)	NS
ROP with operation, n (%)	7 (16%)	7 (10%)	NS

Abbreviations: KMC, kangaroo mother care; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; mod, moderate; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.

Table 3.

Comparison of Psychological Effects between KMC Group and Non-KMC Group

	KMC group (n=23)	non-KMC group (n=10)	P-value
STAI	48.5± 3.7	55.6±5.4	NS
MAI	99.5±2.8	93.2±4.8	0.041

Abbreviations: KMC, kangaroo mother care; STAI, state-trait anxiety Inventory by Spielberger; MAI, maternal attachment inventory by Muller.

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