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Ahn, Kang, Park, and Choi: Usefulness of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for Postpartum Depression
Original Article

Korean J Perinatol 2015;26(1):21-27.

Published online: 20 March 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14734/kjp.2015.26.1.21

Usefulness of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for Postpartum Depression

Chi Seok Ahn, M.D.1, , Moon Sun Kang, M.D.1, Sun Young Park, M.D.1, Young Rak Choi, M.D.2

1Motaean Woman's Hospital, Cheongju, Korea

2Community Mental Health Center, Cheongju, Korea

Correspondence to: Chi Seok Ahn, M.D., Motaean Woman's Hospital, 57 Bokdae-ro 17beon-gil, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 362-805, Korea Tel: +82-43-272-0001, Fax: +82-43-264-2888 E-mail: obgyn0001@hanmail.net

Received 27 December 2014       Revised 10 February 2015       Accepted 9 March 2015

Copyright © 2015 Korean Society of Perinatology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common postnatal problem. PPD has a negative influence on maternal functioning and child development. We examined the result of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) after delivery.

Methods

Three hundred two postpartum mothers were enrolled in the study. The Korean version of EPDS was completed and scored at postpartum visits. Mothers whose score was 10 or more were classified as an EPDS positive for PPD. We reviewed their medical records and determined risk factors for positive EPDS result.

Results

The positive rate of EPDS was 27.8% (84/302). Among various factors, a newborn's body weight more than 4.0 kg was statistically related to the positive result. The positive rate of EPDS was significantly higher when performed within postpartum 60 days than after postpartum 60 days. Among 84 positive women, only three mothers visited a psychiatric clinic for further evaluation and management of PPD.

Conclusion

The EPDS was a useful tool for PPD screening. Obstetricians should consider an EPDS for effective screening of PPD. It would be the next important issue to encourage a screening positive mother to visit a psychiatric clinic.

Keywords: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Postpartum depression

References

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Fig.1.
Korean version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
kjp-26-21f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and postpartum screening date.
kjp-26-21f2.tif
Table 1.
Various factors related to postpartum depression
Factors Number (n) EPDS≥10 [n (%)] P-value
Age (years)      
 ≥35 30 7 (23.3)  
 <35 27 277 (28.3) 0.56
Parity      
 Primipara 176 49 (27.8)  
 Multipara 126 35 (27.8) 0.99
Abortion history      
 Yes 56 16 (28.6)  
 No 246 68 (27.6) 0.88
Medical problems      
During pregnancy      
 Yes 37 14 (37.8)  
 No 265 70 (26.4) 0.14
Attendance of antenatal child birth class      
 Yes 19 4 (21.1)  
 No 283 80 (28.3) 0.49
PROM      
 Yes 69 20 (29.0)  
 No 233 64 (27.5) 0.80
Induced labor      
 Yes 147 40 (27.2)  
 No 155 44 (28.4) 0.81
Gestational age at birth (weeks)      
 ≥36 300 84 (28.0)  
 <36 2 0 (0.0) 1.00
Delivery method 215 65 (30.2)  
 Vaginal delivery 42 8 (19.1)  
 C/sec 45 11(24.4) 0.28
 Emergency C/sec      
Baby sex 164 45 (27.4)  
 Male 138 39 (28.3) 0.87
 Female      
Initial Apgar score 301 84 (27.9)  
 ≥7 1 0 (0.0) 1.00
 <7      
Baby birth weight 10 6 (60.0)  
 ≥4 kg 292 78 (26.7) 0.02
 <4 kg      
Newborn problems 85 20 (23.5)  
 Yes 217 64 (29.5) 0.29
 No      
Nursing 115 35 (30.4)  
 Breast feeding 146 37 (25.3)  
 Mixed feeding 41 12 (29.3) 0.64
 Artificial feeding      
Use of postpartum care center 171 48 (28.1)  
 Yes 131 36 (27.5) 0.90
 No      

Abbreviations: PROM, premature rupture of the membranes; C/sec, cesarean section.

Table 2.
EPDS score according to the postpartum screening date
Factors Number (n) EPDS≥10 [n (%)] P-value
Days after birth (day)      
[10 day interval]      
 -10 120 31 (25.8)  
 11–20 62 18 (29.0)  
 21–30 5 2 (40.0)  
 31–40 37 15 (40.5)  
 41–50 47 12 (25.5)  
 -51 31 6 (19.4) 0.43
Days after birth (day)      
[2 week interval]      
 -2 weeks 170 45 (26.5)  
 3–4 weeks 14 5 (35.7)  
 5–6 weeks 53 19 (35.9)  
 7 weeks - 65 15 (23.1) 0.38
Days after birth (day)      
[60 day interval]      
 -59 286 83 (29.0)  
 60- 16 1 (6.3) 0.04

Abbreviations: EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

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