The Clinical Characteristics of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Hyung Min Lee; Se Kyung Park; En Mi Cho; Sun Ju Oh; So Hak Chung

doi:10.4055/jkoa.2016.51.5.411

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Lee, Park, Cho, Oh, and Chung: The Clinical Characteristics of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 2016; 51(5): 411-417.

Published online: 26 October 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2016.51.5.411

The Clinical Characteristics of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Hyung Min Lee, M.D., Se Kyung Park, M.D.^*, En Mi Cho, M.D.^*, Sun Ju Oh, M.D.^†, So Hak Chung, M.D.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea.

^*Department of Radiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea.

^†Department of Pathology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Correspondence to: So Hak Chung, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea. TEL: +82-51-990-6467, FAX: +82-51-243-0181, shchung@kosin.ac.kr

Received 29 December 2015 Revised 13 April 2016 Accepted 9 May 2016

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in clinical features, process, and prognosis depending on the presence of secondary aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) in patients with giant cell tumors.

Materials and Methods

A total of 33 patients who underwent surgery for giant cell bone tumors between March 2009 and April 2013 were selected. Data on clinical features were obtained from medical records and pathological and radiological review, including age, sex, location, and size of the tumor, and Campanacci grade, as well as whether there was any pathological fracture, local recurrence, distant metastasis, or malignant transformation. The Student t-test and Fisher exact test were used for comparison of the differences in clinical features by the presence or absence of ABCs.

Results

Local recurrence occurred in 6 of the 33 cases, 3 each were in the groups with and without ABCs; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In total, nine cases had pathological fractures, seven were in the group with ABC and two were in the group without ABC (p=0.013). No statistically significant differences in age, sex, location and size of the tumor, or Campanacci grade were observed between the groups with and without ABCs.

Conclusion

There was no difference in the frequency of local recurrence between the groups with and without ABCs. However, pathological fracture occurred more frequently in the group with ABCs compared to the group without ABCs.

Keywords: giant cell tumors, aneurysmal bone cysts, pathological fracture, clinical characteristics

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

(A) Photomicrograph of curetted lesions shows the presence of osteoclast-like giant cells that appear scattered among numerous round or spindled-shaped mononuclear cells, representing conventional giant-cell tumor. (B) Multiple cyst-like spaces filled with blood represent secondary aneurysmal bone cyst complicating giant-cell tumor (A, B: H&E, ×200).

Figure 2

(A) Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of giant cell tumor of distal femur with pathological fracture. Wide excision and reconstruction with tumor prosthesis was done. (B) Magnetic resonance image of giant cell tumor of the distal femur with a pathological fracture and aneurysmal bone cyst, showing multiple septa and fluid-fluid level.

Table 1

Demographic Data of Giant Cell Tumor with Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Table 2

Demographic Data of Giant Cell Tumor without Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Table 3

Comparison of Clinico-Pathologic Characteristics between the GCT with ABC and GTC without ABC

Values are presented as number only, number (%), or mean only. GCT, giant cell tumor; ABC, aneurysmal bone cyst.

Notes

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors have nothing to disclose.

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