Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis in Workers Requiring Neck Flexion and Extension Actions in Farming and Fishing Communities

Dong-Yeong Lee; Ki-Soo Park; Sun-Chul Hwang; Dae-Cheol Nam; Jin-Sung Park; Soon-Taek Jeong; Young-Bok Lee; Byeong-Hun Kang; Dong-Hee Kim

doi:10.4055/jkoa.2016.51.3.199

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Lee, Park, Hwang, Nam, Park, Jeong, Lee, Kang, and Kim: Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis in Workers Requiring Neck Flexion and Extension Actions in Farming and Fishing Communities

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 2016; 51(3): 199-206.

Published online: 22 June 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2016.51.3.199

Risk Factors of Cervical Spondylosis in Workers Requiring Neck Flexion and Extension Actions in Farming and Fishing Communities

Dong-Yeong Lee, M.D.^*, Ki-Soo Park, M.D.^†,^‡, Sun-Chul Hwang, M.D.^*, Dae-Cheol Nam, M.D.^*, Jin-Sung Park, M.D.^*, Soon-Taek Jeong, M.D.^*, Young-Bok Lee, M.D.^*, Byeong-Hun Kang, M.D.^*, Dong-Hee Kim, M.D.^*

^*Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.

^†Department of Preventive Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.

^‡Center for Farmer's Safety and Health, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.

Correspondence to: Dong-Hee Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816beon-gil, Jinju 52727, Korea. TEL: +82-55-750-8669, FAX: +82-55-761-9477, dhkim8311@gnu.ac.kr

Received 11 August 2015 Revised 25 September 2015 Accepted 21 October 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the repetitive flexion or extension posture on the cervical spine on labor and degenerative change of the cervical spine, and the factors affecting degenerative change of the cervical spine.

Materials and Methods

To determine the factors affecting degenerative change of the cervical spine, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), time engaging in labor, and cervical spine posture (flexion or extension) required repetitively on labor were investigated in the subjects. In addition, to evaluate the level of degenerative change of the cervical spine on 83 people in the flexion group (flexion strain) and 83 people in the extension group (extension strain), cervical degenerative index (CDI) in the simple cervical spine lateral radiograph was used to score (0-60 points) the degenerative severity.

Results

A total of 166 subjects (flexion group: 83 people, extension group: 83 people) participated in this study, and for the CDI, the cervical spine flexion group scored 7.8±6.2 points, and the cervical spine extension group scored 12.2±6.0 points to show that the cervical spine extension group had significant degenerative change in the cervical spine. In the multiple linear regression test performed to verify the risk factors affecting the degenerative change of the cervical spine, age (p=0.004), contraction of DM (p=0.029), and extension posture of cervical spine (p<0.001) influenced the degenerative change of the cervical spine.

Conclusion

Repetitive extension posture on the cervical spine on labor and contraction of diabetes affected degenerative change of the cervical spine, therefore, training in medical care and posture on labor are required to prevent the progression of degenerative change in the cervical spine.

Keywords: cervical vertebrae, spondylosis, posture, risk factors

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Types of cervical spine curvature.

Figure 2

Lateral view of the cervical spine with the measurements for calculating the Torg-Pavlov ratio. A: sagittal canal diameter (measured from the midpoint of the posterior surface of the vertebral body to the closest point of the lamina), B: vertebral body diameter (measured between the midpoint of the anterior and posterior surfaces).

Table 1

Cervical Degenerative Index Factor Scoring

Table 2

Demographic Data of Each Group (n=166)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number only.

Table 3

Distribution of Cervical Spine Curvature in Workers Requiring Neck Flexion or Extension Actions

Values are presented as number (%).

Table 4

Mean Torg-Pavlov Ratio at Each Vertebral Level in Each Group

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

Table 5

Association between Variable Factors and Cervical Degenerative Index

B, standardized coefficient; SE, standard error; β, unstandardized coefficient; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus.

Notes

This research is supported by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (20-15-4135-375).

^{CONFLICTS OF INTEREST} The authors have nothing to disclose.

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