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Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of growth factors on muscle regeneration related to the distraction rate and age on bone distraction.
Materials and Methods
This study examined the effects in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles after tibial bone distraction in 6 young and mature rats. The young and old rats were 6 weeks old (average 250 mg) and 6 months old (average 450 mg), respectively. In all rats, the right tibial bone was distracted, and the left was used as a control group. The development pattern of IGF-1, PDGF, bFGF was assessed using immunohistochemical techniques. The distraction rate was 0.7 mm/day (2 times) and the total extension ratio was 20% in all cases.
Results
In the TA muscle, the development of IGF-1 and PDGF was inversely proportional to age (p<0.05). In the soleus muscle, the development of IGF-1 and PDGF was higher in the old rats but the difference was not statistically significant. BrdU positive cells were expressed in the myosatellite cells and the basement membrane of myocytes. IGF-1 and PDGF was also expressed in myosatellite cells but bFGF was not. bFGF facilitated bone regeneration but the mechanism for its effects on muscle regeneration were not identified.
Conclusion
Distraction osteogenesis facilitates the release of growth factors. Immature muscles adapt to the distraction but mature muscles do not. This suggests that mature muscles are less able to activate the proliferation and differentiation of myosatellite cells and the local release of growth factors when bone distraction is performed.
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
BrdU immunostain. (A-D) Tibalis anterior. (E-H) Soleus. (A) 6 week control, ×400, (B) 6 week lengthening ×400, (C) 6 month control ×400, (D) 6 month lengthening ×400, (E) 6 week control ×200, (F) 6 week lengthening ×400, (G) 6 month control ×200, (H) 6 month lengthening ×400.
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