This study evaluated the efficacy of the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT).

Twenty-two patients with CPT, who underwent osteosynthesis using the Ilizarov technique and were followed-up for more than 3 years, were enrolled in this study. The clinical and radiological data were reviewed to evaluate the outcomes of the Ilizarov technique.

The initial osteosynthesis was carried out successfully with the Ilizarov method at average age of 4.6 years. Twenty refractures occurred in 12 patients, who were also treated successfully using the Ilizarov method. Tibial lengthening (27 cases), medial tibial hemiepiphysiodesis (23 cases), distal tibiofibular synostosis (17 cases) were combined with a total of 42 Ilizarov osteosyntheses. After an average 8.1 years follow-up, the mean limb length discrepancy was 1.6 cm, and average anterior apex and valgus angulation of the tibial shaft were 6.3° and 7.3°, respectively. The mean ankle alignment was valgus 1.9, and the mean range of motion of the ankle joint was 21° dorsiflexion and 33° plantar flexion.

The Ilizarov technique combined with tibial lengthening, distal tibiofibular synostosis and/or medial tibial hemiepiphysiodesis is an effective procedure that can achieve bony union as well as a functional limb.