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Abstract
Purpose
We performed this study to investigate the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast.
Materials and Methods
Among the 47 women with surgically confirmed invasive micropapillary carcinoma between 2005 and 2009, 32 patients (mean age, 50 years; range, 37-69 years) had all preoperative mammography, ultrasound (US) and MR images. Two radiologists retrospectively assessed the imaging findings, clinical presentation and histological results of the patients.
Results
On mammography, 29 of 32 patients had suspicious findings. Among them, a mass (or focal asymmetry) with calcifications was the most common findings (15/32, 65%). The calcifications were noted in 20 patients (63%) and the shape of calcifications was frequently amorphous or punctate (n = 12, 60%). On US and MR imaging, all lesions had suspicious findings. The most common US findings were single (n = 20) or multiple (n = 10) irregular hypoechoic mass (es). The mass was frequently hypoechoic (n = 29, 97%). On MR imaging, the type of lesions was a mass or masses in 23 (72%), a mass combined with non-mass in six patients, and non-mass lesions in three patients. Histologically, axillary lymph nodes metastasis were very common (25/32, 78%). Asymptomatic clinical presentation was not usual (9/32, 28%).
Figures and Tables
Fig. 1
54-year-old woman with a palpable mass.
a. A mediolateral oblique mammogram shows a 2.3-cm ill-defined hyperdense mass with multiple amorphous or punctate microcalcifications (short arrow). Right axillary lymph node was also enlarged (long arrow).
b. A sonogram shows an irregular markedly hypoechoic mass. An enlarged lymph node was also seen (not shown here).
c. A subtraction MR image of spoiled gradient echo sequence (SPGR) 1 minute after contrast injection shows a 2.2-cm, intensely enhancing, irregular mass with rim enhancement. The histologic result was a 2.2 cm, IMPC grade III with metastasis to one axillary lymph node.
d. Photomicroscopic examination reveals invasive carcinoma characterized by compact tumor cell clusters within prominent clear spaces, which resemble dilated lymphatic vessels (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×200). These clear spaces are known to be actually artifacts made by formalin fixation or paraffin embedding, not real spaces. Marked hypoechogenicity on US might be related with uniform hypercellularity.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. 56-year-old woman with a palpable mass.
a. A mediolateral oblique mammogram shows global asymmetry with multiple coarse heterogeneous microcalcifications (short arrows) and enlarged axillary lymph nodes (long arrows).
b. A sonogram shows a large irregular markedly hypoechoic mass (short arrows) and a satellite hypoechoic mass (long arrow).
c, d. Subtraction MR imaging of SPGR 1 minute after contrast injection show a non-mass lesion (arrowheads) with clumped segmental pattern and an intensely enhancing mass (arrow). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was conducted and a final pathology showed two IMPCs with widespread DCIS in a 7-cm segment. Axillary lymph node metastasis was histologically not associated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
e. The kinetic curve obtained from the most enhanced area shows early rapid enhancement and washout pattern.
Fig. 3
64-year-old woman with an abnormal uptake on positron emission tomography.
a. A craniocaudal mammogram shows a focal asymmetry with punctate microcalcifications (arrow) in right outer breast.
b. A sonography shows a circumscribed oval, isoechoic mass at the same area.
c. A subtraction MR image shows an ovoid mass with rapid enhancement. The histologic result was a 1.5 cm, IMPC grade III without endolymphatic tumor emboli.
Fig. 4
50-year-old woman with a mammographic abnormality.
a. A craniocaudal mammography shows clustered fine pleomorphic calcifications (arrowheads).
b, c. Sonograms show an ill-defined non-mass like heterogeneity with shadowing (b, arrows) and an enlarged lymph node in the right axilla (arrowheads) (c).
d. A subtraction MR image of SPGR 1 minute after contrast injection shows non-mass enhancement (arrows) with clumped segmental pattern. The histologic result was 4.6-cm, IMPC grade III with axillary lymph node metastasis (6 of 28 dissected lymph nodes).
Fig. 5
46-year-old woman with a palpable mass.
a. A mediolateral oblique mammogram shows a 1-cm ill-defined hyperdense mass (arrow).
b, c. Sonograms show a 1-cm, irregular markedly hypoechoic mass (b) with an enlarged lymph node (c).
d. A subtraction MR image shows a 2-cm, intensely enhancing, irregular mass, a little larger than US and mammography (arrows). The histologic result was a 2 cm, IMPC grade III with metastasis to two axillary lymph nodes. There were no extensive intraductal components within the tumor.
e. The kinetic curve obtained from the most enhanced area shows early rapid enhancement and washout pattern.
Fig. 6
45-year-old woman with a sonographic abnormality.
a. A craniocaudal mammogram shows no abnormality.
b. A supplmental screening sonography shows an irregular hypoechoic mass in the left outer breast.
c. A subtraction MR image shows an ovoid mass with rim enhancement. The histologic result was a 1.4 cm, IMPC grade II with endolymphatic tumor emboli and EIC component.
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