Measurements of T1- and T2-relaxation Time Changes According to the Morphological Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)

M.Y. Jang; Y.H. Han; C.W. Mun

doi:10.13104/jksmrm.2011.15.1.48

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Jang, Han, and Mun: Measurements of T1- and T2-relaxation Time Changes According to the Morphological Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2011; 15(1): 48-56.

Published online: 30 April 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13104/jksmrm.2011.15.1.48

Measurements of T₁- and T₂-relaxation Time Changes According to the Morphological Characteristics of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)

M.Y. Jang¹, Y.H. Han¹, C.W. Mun^1,²

¹Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Korea.

²UHRC, Inje University, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: C.W. Mun, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, UHRC/FIRST, Inje University 607 Eobang-dong, Gimhae-si, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea. Tel. 82-55-320-3297, Fax. 82-2-55-327-3292, mcw@inje.ac.kr

Received 5 November 2010 Revised 27 December 2010 Accepted 27 December 2010

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to measure the typical MR variables such as T₁- and T₂-relaxation times according to morphological characteristics of gold nanoparticles as a preliminary study to perform theragnosis using local heating by gold nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods

Two types of gold nanoparticles were used. Spheres were synthesized by various methods and stirring speed. Rods were synthesized by adding various concentrations of sphere nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were mixed with 2% agarose gel at 1:1 ratio and then signals were acquired using a 1.5T MRI. For the measurements of T₁- and T₂-relaxation times, TR and TE were varied, respectively. The results were acquired through T₁ and T₂ curves based on the intensities of MR image using self-developed software. And Statistical analysis was performed.

Results

T₁ times were measured 1.86 sec and 2.08 sec for sphere and rod, respectively. On the other hands, T₂ times were measured 57 ms and 35.45 ms for sphere and rod.

Conclusion

The changes of the MR variables according to the morphological characteristics of the gold nanoparticles were confirmed. Optimal MR imaging conditions can be obtained by choosing proper TR and TE according to the type of nanoparticles.

Keywords: Theragnosis, Gold nanoparticle, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T₁-relaxation time, T₂-relaxation time

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Rod type GNPs produced by adding by different amout of sphere GNPs.

(a) 1 ml, (b) 0.5 ml, (c) 0.25 ml, (d) 0.125 ml, (e) 0.08 ml, (f) 0.04 ml

Fig. 2

Phantom and MR image of gold nanoparticles

(a) 2% agarose gel phantom with GNPs

(b) MR T₂^* image of GNPs

Fig. 3

TEM images of sphere type GNPs (a) Sphere 2 particles in the category of synthesis 2 at 150 rpm. (b) Sphere type 3 particles in synthesis 2 at 300 rpm. (c) Sphere type 5 particles in synthesis 3 at 150 rpm. scale bar = 200 nm. (d) Sphere type 6 particles in synthesis 3 at 450 rpm.

Fig. 4

TEM images of Rod type GNPs. The amounts of sphere type GNPs added are (a) 1 ml, (b) 0.25 ml, (C) 0.125 ml and (d) 0.08 ml, respectively. Scale bars are shown at the southwest corner on each images with 100 nm size.

Fig. 5

Results of one-way ANOVA test for the variations of the T₁- and T₂-relaxation times according to the fabrication conditions of sphere GNPs (a) T₁ values, ^*p<0.05 (b) T₂ values, ^*p<0.05

Fig. 6

Results of one-way ANOVA test for the variations of the T₁- and T₂-relaxation times according to the fabrication conditions of rod GNPs. (a) T₁ values, p<0.05 (b) T₂ values, ^*p<0.05

Table 1

Synthesis Conditions of GNPs

^*Hexadecyltriethylammonium

Table 2

Measured T₁ Times of GNPs

Table 3

Measured T₂ Times of GNPs

Table 4

Measured T₁ Relaxivities(R₁) of GNPs

Table 5

Measured T₂ Relaxivities(R₂) of GNPs

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