Journal List > Korean J Lab Med > v.30(1) > 1011673

Oh, Lee, Kang, Kwon, Cho, and Kim: Evaluation of the Virus-elimination Efficacy of Nanofiltration (Viresolve NFP) for the Parvovirus B19 and Hepatitis A Virus

Abstract

Background:

The safety of plasma derivatives has been reinforced since 1980s by variable pathogen inactivation or elimination techniques. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for the source plasma has also been implemented worldwide. Recently nanofiltration has been used in some country for ensuring safety of plasma derivatives to eliminate non-enveloped viruses such as parvovirus B19 (B19V) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). We evaluated the efficacy of nanofiltration for the elimination of B19V and HAV.

Methods:

To verify the efficacy of nanofiltration, we adopted a 20 nm Viresolve NFP (Millipore, USA) in the scaling down (1:1,370) model of the antithrombin III production. As virus stock solutions, we used B19V reactive plasma and porcine parvovirus (PPV) and HAV obtained from cell culture. And 50% tissue culture infectious dose was consumed as infectious dose. The methods used to evaluate the virus-elimination efficacy were reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for B19V and the cytopathic effect calculation after filtration for PPV and HAV.

Results:

B19V was not detected by RT-PCR in the filtered antithrombin III solutions with initial viral load of 6.42×105 IU/mL and 1.42×105 IU/mL before filtration. The virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration for PPV and HAV were ≥103.32 and ≥103.31, respectively.

Conclusions:

Nanofiltration would be an effective method for the elimination of B19V and HAV. It may be used as a substitute for NAT screening of these viruses in source plasma to ensure safety of plasma derivatives in Korea.

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Fig. 1.
Manufacturing scheme of antithrombin III.
kjlm-30-45f1.tif
Table 1.
Parameters of nanofiltration in practical and scale-down schemes
Parameter Practical scheme Scale-down scheme Scale-down ratio
Prefilter type 4 inch cartridge 47 mm prefilter -
Nanofiltration 10 inch cartridge (4,800 cm2) 25 mm disk (3.5 cm2) ≈1,370
Elute volume 25 L 18.2 mL ≈1,370
Pressure 2.0±0.5 bar 2.0±0.5 bar -
pH 7.0±0.1 7.0±0.1 -
Table 2.
Virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration for human parvovirus B19
Sample description Virus titer (IU/mL) Volume (mL) Total virus (IU)
1st Stock solution 1.36×109 0.0066 8.98×106
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 3.21×104 20 6.42×105
  Filtrate ND (<3.3) 18.2 <60
2nd Stock solution 2.31×108 0.0066 1.52×106
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 7.08×103 20 1.42×105
  Filtrate ND (<3.3) 18.2 <60

Abbreviations: ND, not detected.

Table 3.
Virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration for porcine parvovirus
  Sample description Virus titer (Log10 TCID50/mL) Volume (mL) Total virus (Log10 TCID50)
1st Stock solution 6.39 0.125 5.48
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 3.96 20 5.26
  Filtrate ND (≤0.58) 18.2 ≤1.84
2nd Stock solution 6.18 0.125 5.27
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 3.75 20 5.05
  Filtrate ND (≤0.58) 18.2 ≤1.84

Theoretical minimum detectable levels were calculated where porcine parvovirus infectivity was not detected.

Abbreviations: TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose; ND, not detected.

Table 4.
Virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration for hepatitis A virus
Sample description Virus titer (Log10 TCID50/mL) Volume (mL) Total virus (Log10 TCID50)
1st Stock solution 6.39 0.125 5.48
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 3.85 20 5.15
  Filtrate ND (≤0.58) 18.2 ≤1.84
2nd Stock solution 6.49 0.125 5.58
  Spiked starting material (load sample) 3.75 20 5.14
  Filtrate ND (≤0.58) 18.2 ≤1.84

Theoretical minimum detectable levels were calculated where hepatitis A virus infectivity was not detected.

Abbreviations: TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose; ND, not detected.

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