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Kang, Lee, and Lee: Clinical Significance of Serum Osteopontin in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Original Article

Korean J Leg Med 2007;27(6):400-405.

Published online: 14 February 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.6.400

Clinical Significance of Serum Osteopontin in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

So Young Kang, M.D.1, Jae Jin Lee, M.D.2, Woo In Lee, M.D.1

1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The East-West Neo Medical Center, KyungHee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

2Department of Internal Medicine, The East-West Neo Medical Center, KyungHee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Received 16 August 20079 November 2007       Accepted 9 November 2007

Copyright © 2007 by the Korean Society for Legal Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis are increased in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma (MM) patients in parallel with the tumor progression. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in angiogenesis and bone destruction and, eventually, in tumor progression in MM. OPN is known to increase in MM patients as the disease progresses and bone is destroyed. We studied the clinical usefulness of OPN as a monitoring marker for treatment response in patients with MM.

Methods

We obtained 70 serial sera from 27 MM patients and 14 sera from healthy individuals. OPN was measured by a sandwich ELISA method. The hospital records were reviewed, and the clinically important markers for monitoring the treatment response, such as monoclonal component, immunoglobulin, free light chain, and hemoglobin, etc, were analyzed together with OPN levels.

Results

There was no significant difference in OPN levels between MM patients and healthy controls. OPN showed no significant correlations with the markers used for monitoring of treatment response such as M component, immunoglobulin, and free light chain levels. There was no difference in OPN levels between the 3 groups classified by the amount of M component. In addition, OPN levels showed no compatible changes to the treatment response of MM patients.

Conclusions

Although OPN has been known to have an important role in the formation and progression of MM by involving angiogenesis and bone destruction, our results show that OPN is not valuable as a clinical marker for monitoring the treatment response in MM patients because of inconsistency in its levels in MM patients.

Keywords: Osteopontin, Multiple myeloma

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1.
The distributions of osteopontin concentrations in serial sera of 27 multiple myeloma patients.
Line, cut-off value (41.8 ng/mL) by ROC curve analysis.
kjlm-27-400f1.tif
Fig. 2.
The distributions of clinical markers used for monitoring the treatment response in each multiple myeloma patient. (A) Complete response, (B) No change, (C) and (D) Partial response.
kjlm-27-400f2.tif

Abbreviations: MP, melphalan, prednisolone; VAD, vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone; OPN, osteopontin; See Table 1.

Table 1.
The correlation between osteopontin and clinical markers
  Total (N=70) At diagnosis (N=13) Follow up (N=57)
r P r P r P
M component 0.017 0.89 0.007 0.98 -0.013 0.93
Hb -0.236 0.049 -0.026 0.93 -0.291 0.03
Ig 0.153 0.27 -0.165 0.65 0.210 0.18
Ca 0.011 0.95 -0.384 0.22 -0.152 0.28
Cr 0.371 <0.001 0.007 0.98 0.457 <0.001
sFLC 0.188 0.16 0.027 0.94 0.356 0.01
β2-MG ND ND 0.055 0.87 ND ND
Plasma cell ND ND 0.094 0.81 ND ND

Abbreviations: M component, quantified monoclonal protein; Hb, hemoglobin; Ig, specific immunoglobulin; Ca, calcium; Cr, creatinine; sFLC, serum free light chain; β-MG, β-microglobulin; plasma cell, proportion of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow; ND, not done.

Table 2.
The comparison of clinical markers used for monitoring the treatment response between 3 groups classified by amount of M component
Groups by M component   Group I Group II Group III P value
OPN (ng/mL) Total 122.1±191.6 173.1±256.3 60.8±39.1 0.45
  At Dx 149.6±48.4 208.4±354.1 39.4±18.2 0.63
  F/U 119.9±195.9 142.1±146.7 89.4±44.2 0.91
Hb (g/dL) Total 11.0±2.0 8.8±2.8 7.8±1.6 <0.001
  At Dx 10.7±2.5 10.3±2.5 8.0±1.3 0.25
  F/U 11.0±2.0 7.5±2.5 7.4±2.2 <0.001
Cr (mg/dL) Total 1.0±0.6 1.5±1.9 1.7±1.3 0.13
  At Dx 0.9±0.1 0.9±0.2 0.9±0.1 0.98
  F/U 1.0±0.6 2.0±2.4 2.7±1.6 0.01
Ca (mg/dL) Total 8.6±0.5 8.3±0.9 10.0±1.4 <0.001
  At Dx 8.5±0.2 8.6±0.9 9.2±1.0 0.50
  F/U 8.6±0.5 8.2±0.9 11.2±0.8 <0.001
Ig (g/dL) Total 2.7±1.5 6.0±2.9 7.8±2.2 <0.001
  At Dx 1.1±0.0 7.6±1.9 7.7±1.8 0.04
  F/U 2.7±1.5 4.8±3.0 7.8±2.4 <0.001
sFLC (mg/L) Total 198.7±334.8 432.5±373.0 641.6±1050.4 0.05
  At Dx 123.5±157.8 566.5±417.5 1040.6±1307.3 0.46
  F/U 202.6±342.2 343.1±349.1 109.6±58.9 0.51
β2-MG (mg/L) At Dx 4.1±1.6 5.0±2.5 9.5±4.6 0.11
Plasma cell (%) At Dx 21.1±14.6 38.3±7.5 49.6±25.3 0.25

Abbreviations: OPN, osteopontin; Dx, diagnosis; F/U, follow up; See Table 1.

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