Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Normotension and Prehypertension

Eun Hee Nah; Hee Chul Kim

doi:10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.5.377

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Nah and Kim: Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Normotension and Prehypertension

Original Article

Korean J Leg Med 2007;27(5):377-381.

Published online: 14 February 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.5.377

Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Normotension and Prehypertension

Eun Hee Nah, M.D., Hee Chul Kim, M.T.

Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea

Received 8 March 200728 June 2007 Accepted 28 June 2007

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

The individuals with prehypertension are known to progress to hypertension, one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, more readily than the group of normal blood pressure. This study was performed to investigate the differences in the risk factors of cardiovascular disease between normotensive and prehypertensive groups, and to identify the determinants of prehypertension.

Methods

Normotensive (N=3,732) and prehypertensive individuals (N=676) were selected from the people who underwent routine medical checkups at the Health Promotion Center (Seoul, Korea). The age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol (C), HDL-C, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and the number of white blood cell were compared between the normotensive and prehypertensive groups.

Results

The age, BMI, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were higher in the males and females in the prehypertensive group than in the normotensive group. LDL-C, however, was higher and HDL-C was lower in the females in the prehypertensive group than in the normotensive group. The determinants of prehypertension were found to be age, BMI, and triglyceride.

Conclusions

There were differences in the risk factors of cardiovascular disease between the prehypertensive and normotensive groups.

Keywords: Prehypertension, Cardiovascular risk factors, Body mass index

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Table 1.

Comparison of clinical and metabolic characteristics by blood pressure status

	Normotension	Prehypertension	P value
Men	(N=1,713)	(N=419)
Systolic BP (mmHg)	106.2±8.0	124.8±6.2	<0.05
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	68.0±5.9	77.3±5.6	<0.05
Age (yr)	40.5±11.4	46.3±13.3	<0.05
BMI	24.4±3.0	25.6±3.1	<0.05
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	95.0±18.1	99.7±22.0	<0.05
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	127.3±78.0	149.4±100.4	<0.05
T-cholesterol (mg/dL)	179.4±31.7	186.1±31.1	<0.05
LDL-C (mg/dL)	114.3±29.0	117.4±28.3	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	50.8±8.8	51.3±9.7	NS
Lp(a) (mg/dL)	12.8±16.1	12.5±15.2	NS
WBC (× 10³ cells/L)	6.4±1.6	6.6±1.8	<0.05
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.169±0.512	0.167±0.323	NS
Women	(N=2,019)	(N=257)
Systolic BP (mmHg)	100.9±9.6	126.4±6.2	<0.05
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	64.2±6.2	76.9±5.6	<0.05
Age (yr)	39.4±11.0	52.9±11.8	<0.05
BMI	22.3±3.0	24.4±3.1	<0.05
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	89.0±11.6	94.8±17.9	<0.05
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	80.4±47.2	118.9±78.5	<0.05
T-cholesterol (mg/dL)	172.4±30.8	192.6±39.0	<0.05
LDL-C (mg/dL)	104.0±27.9	119.4±34.2	<0.05
HDL-C (mg/dL)	57.2±10.1	55.8±9.4	<0.05
Lp(a) (mg/dL)	15.2±17.8	16.2±20.3	NS
WBC (× 10³ cells/μL)	5.8±1.5	5.9±1.6	NS
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.109±0.345	0.155±0.456	NS

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; T-cholesterol, total cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); WBC, white blood cell; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; NS, not significant.

Table 2.

Correlation coefficients between blood pressure and risk factors of cardiovascular disease

	r (Systolic BP/Diastolic BP)	P value (Systolic BP/Diastolic BP)
Men
Age (yr)	0.244/0.164	0.000/0.000
BMI	0.193/0.211	0.000/0.000
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	0.132/0.128	0.000/0.000
T-cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.113/0.115	0.000/0.000
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	0.110/0.135	0.000/0.000
LDL-C (mg/dL)	0.067/0.067	0.000/0.002
WBC (× 10³ cells/μL)	0.056/0.069	0.008/0.001
Women
Age (yr)	0.487/0.418	0.000/0.000
BMI	0.364/0.316	0.000/0.000
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	0.226/0.176	0.000/0.000
T-cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.283/0.265	0.000/0.000
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	0.282/0.252	0.000/0.000
LDL-C (mg/dL)	0.252/0.238	0.000/0.000
HDL-C (mg/dL)	0.051/0.042	0.014/0.043
WBC (× 10³ cells/μL)	0.071/0.057	0.001/0.006

Abbreviations: See Table 1.

Table 3.

Determinants of prehypertension from multivariable logistic regression model

	Variable	Coefficient	SE	OR	95% CI of OR	P value
Men	Age (yr)	0.041	0.005	1.042	1.033-1.051	<0.001
	BMI	0.140	0.020	1.150	1.107-1.195	<0.001
	Triglyceride	0.001	0.001	1.001	1.000-1.003	0.020
Women	Age (yr)	0.075	0.006	1.077	1.064-1.091	<0.001
	BMI	0.091	0.024	1.095	1.046-1.147	<0.001
	Triglyceride	0.004	0.001	1.004	1.002-1.006	<0.001

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.

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