Relationships among Oxidative Stress Markers, Life Style Factors and Biochemical Findings

Yu Kyung Kim; Duk Hee Lee; Soo Hee Jin; Won Gil Lee; Kyung Eun Song

doi:10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.5.343

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Kim, Lee, Jin, Lee, and Song: Relationships among Oxidative Stress Markers, Life Style Factors and Biochemical Findings

Original Article

Korean J Leg Med 2006;26(5):343-350.

Published online: 10 February 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.5.343

Relationships among Oxidative Stress Markers, Life Style Factors and Biochemical Findings

Yu Kyung Kim, M.D.¹, Duk Hee Lee, M.D.², Soo Hee Jin, M.D.², Won Gil Lee, M.D.¹, Kyung Eun Song, M.D.¹

¹Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

²Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Received 8 February 2006 Revised 24 July 2006 Accepted 9 October 2006

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

In many studies, oxidative stress markers have been employed to serve as a measure of a disease process or to reflect oxidative status. These oxidative stress markers must have some degree of predictive validity, but full substantiation of this relation is still lacking. This paper presents data on levels of three biomarkers, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL), carbonyl, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and a number of life style factors associated with oxidative stress in healthy adults.

Methods

For 237 healthy adults aged 40–60 years, a number of life style factors, biochemical characteristics and oxidative status were evaluated. Markers of oxidative stress were measured by an ELISA method.

Results

Waist-hip ratio and use of vitamin supplement were associated with serum oxidized LDL (P<0.05). Body mass index and stress had a relationship (P<0.05) with protein carbonyl. C-reactive protein was related to serum oxidized LDL (P<0.01). There was no correlation among three oxidative stress markers, oxidized LDL, carbonyl, and 8-OHdG.

Conclusions

The oxidative stress markers used in this study could not be regarded as a general estimate of the healthy individual oxidative status. Further studies focusing on the development of biomarkers to reflect changes in the oxidative status under normal, non-pathological conditions in humans will be required.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, life style, Oxidized LDL, Deoxyguanosine, Protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG

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Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of study subjects

	N (%)
Age (year)^*	49.2±5.2
BMI^*	24.2±2.9
WHR^*	0.89±0.06
Blood pressure (mmHg)^*
Systolic	124.9±18.0
Diastolic	77.0±12.4
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	184 (81.4)
Smoker of ≤10 cigarettes/day	9 (4.0)
Smoker of >10 cigarettes/day	33 (14.6)
Alcohol consumption
No	77 (39.3)
<210 g/week	80 (40.8)
≥210 g/week	39 (19.9)
Family history (DM, CVD, Cancer)
No	78 (33.9)
Yes	152 (66.1)
Exercise
No	115 (49.8)
1–2 times/week	41 (17.7)
≥3–4 times/week	75 (32.5)
Stress
No	92 (42.0)
Occasionally (1–2 times/month)	94 (42.9)
Frequently (≥3–4 times/month)	33 (15.1)
Use of vitamin supplement
No	157 (73.0)
Yes (≥1 tablet/week)	58 (27.0)

^* expressed as mean±SD.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist hip ratio; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Table 2.

Laboratory characteristics of study subjects

	Mean±SD	Percentile cut-off point
	Mean±SD	25th	50th	75th
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	129.2±68.0	81	115	159
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	192.0±31.0	170	192	214
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	55.2±12.9	46	54	64
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	110.9±26.2	91	110	127
HS-CRP (mg/dL)	0.13±0.24	0.04	0.07	0.14
Ferritin (ng/mL)	99.8±81.8	47.43	78.6	136
Total protein (g/dL)	7.58±0.39	7.3	7.6	7.9
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.87±0.38	0.61	0.79	1.04
Uric acid (mg/dL)	5.34±1.38	4.3	5.4	6.3
Glucose (mg/dL)	96.0±23.9	84	91	99

Abbreviations: HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HS-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 3.

Relations of demographic and behavioral factors with oxidation markers

	Oxidized LDL (U/L)			8-OHdG (ng/mg creatinine)			Carbonyl (nmol/mg)
	N	Mean^*	P trend	N	Mean^*	P trend	N	Mean^*	P trend
BMI
<25	150	83.93	0.09	150	5.17	0.124	151	0.060	0.037
≥25	79	91.56		80	4.41		79	0.049
WHR
Q1 (low)	51	74.81	0.019	51	5.62	0.383	51	0.062	0.096
Q2	66	86.66		66	4.58		66	0.057
Q3	47	92.11		48	4.99		47	0.063
Q4 (high)	65	92.39		64	4.64		65	0.046
Blood Pressure
Normal	180	85.71	0.493	180	4.89	0.784	180	0.057	0.557
High^†	54	89.12		55	4.74		55	0.053
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	184	86.57	0.782	186	4.75	0.472	185	0.058	0.306
Smoker of ≤10 cigarettes/day	9	77.95		8	4.36		9	0.061
Smoker of >10 cigarettes/day	33	89.57		33	5.38		33	0.049
Alcohol consumption
No	77	83.93	0.402	78	5.55	0.432	77	0.059	0.909
<210 g/week	80	88.85		79	5.02		80	0.053
≥210 g/week	39	89.12		40	4.96		40	0.060
Family history (DM, CVD, Cancer)
No	78	81.86	0.098	81	5.11	0.541	79	0.062	0.163
Yes	152	89.03		150	4.80		152	0.054
Exercise
No	115	85.54	0.705	115	4.85	0.483	115	0.053	0.400
1–2 times/week	41	88.50		42	5.89		42	0.065
≥3–4 times/week	75	87.18		75	4.39		75	0.057
Stress
No	92	90.02	0.415	91	5.08	0.288	92	0.051	0.026
Occasionally (1–2 times/month)	94	84.27		95	4.76		95	0.057
Frequently (≥3–4 times/month)	33	86.92		34	4.31		33	0.072
Use of vitamin supplement
No	157	89.57	0.031	156	4.74	0.295	157	0.058	0.789
Yes (≥1 tablet/week)	58	79.36		59	5.36		59	0.056

^* expressed as geometric means following adjustment for age and sex.

^† Systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg. Abbreviations: LDL, low density lipoprotein; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist hip ratio; Q, quartile; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

Table 4.

Relationship of laboratory tests with oxidation markers

	Oxidized LDL (U/L)			8-OHdG (ng/mg creatinine)			Carbonyl (nmol/mg)
	N	Mean^*	P trend	N	Mean^*	P trend	N	Mean^*	P trend
Triglyceride
Q1 (low)	57	74.96	0.000	58	4.75	0.622	57	0.051	0.679
Q2	60	84.77		59	5.49		60	0.062
Q3	57	92.02		58	4.51		58	0.054
Q4 (high)	58	95.11		58	4.72		58	0.057
Total cholesterol
Q1 (low)	58	70.11	0.000	58	5.24	0.088	58	0.052	0.354
Q2	607	9.28		58	5.28		60	0.053
Q3	559	6.16		57	4.83		56	0.067
Q4 (high)	59	106.48		60	4.22		59	0.055
HDL-cholesterol
Q1 (low)	56	86.40	0.686	55	4.87	0.377	56	0.062	0.101
Q2	60	89.57		59	4.34		60	0.060
Q3	58	85.54		59	4.88		58	0.053
Q4 (high)	58	85.11		60	5.36		59	0.051
LDL-cholesterol
Q1 (low)	57	70.04	0.000	56	5.13	0.063	57	0.053	0.126
Q2	58	81.53		58	5.66		59	0.051
Q3	60	94.35		61	4.65		60	0.058
Q4 (high)	58	103.96		59	4.20		58	0.063
HS-CRP
Q1 (low)	47	75.34	0.006	47	5.40	0.051	47	0.068	0.286
Q2	76	85.71		75	5.40		76	0.051
Q3	52	95.01		55	4.28		53	0.058
Q4 (high)	58	90.47		57	4.38		58	0.054
Ferritin
Q1 (low)	57	84.52	0.089	56	4.25	0.068	57	0.051	0.261
Q2	58	79.60		58	4.43		58	0.054
Q3	58	87.89		58	5.65		58	0.057
Q4 (high)	58	93.41		57	5.35		58	0.061
Albumin
Q1 (low)	46	81.45	0.987	46	5.20	0.905	46	0.058	0.376
Q2	81	91.19		81	4.64		81	0.062
Q3	35	84.69		36	4.42		35	0.045
Q4 (high)	71	85.29		71	5.14		72	0.055
Total protein
Q1 (low)	49	78.65	0.007	49	5.44	0.351	49	0.047	0.18
Q2	64	83.85		64	5.21		64	0.060
Q3	70	90.11		71	4.02		71	0.056
Q4 (high)	50	93.97		50	5.28		50	0.060
Total bilirubin
Q1 (low)	58	89.21	0.403	58	5.02	0.901	58	0.052	0.134
Q2	58	85.71		57	4.39		58	0.056
Q3	61	87.97		62	5.12		61	0.053
Q4 (high)	57	83.18		58	4.87		58	0.065
Uric acid
Q1 (low)	52	89.03	0.794	53	4.36	0.184	53	0.060	0.212
Q2	57	83.18		57	4.93		57	0.059
Q3	59	93.13		59	5.12		59	0.056
Q4 (high)	54	83.68		54	5.30		54	0.051
Glucose
Q1 (low)	52	88.50	0.693	53	4.24	0.055	52	0.055	0.189
Q2	59	87.36		59	4.85		60	0.066
Q3	58	87.10		58	5.09		58	0.057
Q4 (high)	53	86.06		53	5.61		53	0.047

^* expressed as geometric means following adjustment for age and sex.

Abbreviations: LDL, low density lipoprotein; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HS-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 5.

Correlation coefficients among oxidative stress markers

	Ln (Oxidized LDL)		Ln (Carbonyl)		Ln (8-OHdG)
	Correlation coefficient	P-value	Correlation coefficient	P-value	Correlation coefficient	P-value
Ln (Oxidized LDL)	1		−0.006	0.924	−0.072	0.273
Ln (Carbonyl)	−0.006	0.924	1		−0.059	0.367
Ln (8-OHdG)	−0.072	0.273	−0.59	0.367	1

Abbreviations: Ln, natural log; LDL, low density lipoprotein; 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxy-guanosine.

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