Clinical Significance of p53, Ki-67 and Galectin-3 Expressions in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Byung Seup Kim; Kyung Ho Kang; Young Ah Lim; Lee Su Kim

doi:10.4174/jkss.2009.77.1.29

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Kim, Kang, Lim, and Kim: Clinical Significance of p53, Ki-67 and Galectin-3 Expressions in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Surgical Society

Journal of the Korean Surgical Society 2009; 77(1): 29-36.

Published online: 3 July 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4174/jkss.2009.77.1.29

Clinical Significance of p53, Ki-67 and Galectin-3 Expressions in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Byung Seup Kim, M.D., Kyung Ho Kang, M.D., Young Ah Lim, M.D., Lee Su Kim, M.D.

Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea.

Corresponding author (lskim0503@hallym.ac.kr)

Received 27 February 2009 Accepted 7 April 2009

Abstract

Purpose

There are few molecular markers useful in practice for predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) despite numerous basic researches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of several candidate markers of PTC (p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3) using immunohistochemistry (IHC), one of the most practical methods.

Methods

IHC for p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3 were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 160 PTC specimens using monoclonal antibodies. The associations of the expressions of these markers with multiple clinicopathologic prognostic factors were assessed.

Results

The overexpresion rates of p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3 were 48.8%, 64.3% and 97.8%, respectively. Overexpression of p53 protein was positively associated with extrathyroidal extension (P<0.001). In addition, p53 immunoreactivity was more prevalent among Ki-67 overexpressed specimens (P<0.001). Ki-67 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with tumor size (P<0.05), which became more distinct when accompanied with p53 overexpression (P<0.01). In contrast, no relationship between galectin-3 immunoreactivity and clinical prognostic factors was found.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that overexpression of p53 protein and Ki-67 in papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with tumor progression and that IHC for these proteins could be useful for predicting prognosis of patients with PTC.

Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma, p53, Ki-67, Galectin-3

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Immunohistochemical staining for p53 (×200). Nuclear overexpression of p53 protein is shown in the papillary carcinoma cells.

Fig. 2

Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 (×100). Nuclear mmunoreactivity of Ki-67 is observed in less than 5% of tumor cells, so this was classified as 'negative'.

Fig. 3

Immunohistochemical staining for galectin-3 (×400). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of galectin-3 is observed in the papillary thyroid carcinoma cells.

Table 1

Details of primary antibodies used

Table 2

p53, Ki-67 and galectin-3 immunohistochemical staining in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues

^*LP = low proliferative; ^†HP = high proliferative.

Table 3

Relationship between overexpression of p53 protein and clinicopathologic features of PTC

^*NS = not significant.

Table 4

Relationship between overexpression of Ki-67 and clinicopathologic features of PTC

^*NS = not significant.

Table 5

Relationship between expression of galectin-3 and clinicopathologic features of PTC

^*NS = not significant.

Table 6

Relation between p53 expression and Ki-67 expression

Table 7

Difference in extrathyroidal extension rate of PTC according to expression of p53 and Ki-67

^*P value for difference between p53 (-) group and p53 (+) Ki-67 (-) group; ^†P value for difference between p53 (-) group and p53 (+) Ki-67 (+) group.

Table 8

Difference in tumor size of PTC according to expression of p53 and Ki-67

^*P value for difference between Ki-67 (-) group and Ki-67 (+) p53 (-) group; ^†P value for difference between Ki-67 (-) group and Ki-67 (+) p53 (+) group.

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