Journal List > J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > v.58(6) > 1010792

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Kang, Seo, Yang, Seo, Lee, and Hwang: Comparison of Blinking Patterns When Watching Ultra-high Definition Television: Normal versus Dry Eyes
Original Article

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2017; 58(6): 706-711.

Published online: 16 June 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2017.58.6.706

Comparison of Blinking Patterns When Watching Ultra-high Definition Television: Normal versus Dry Eyes

Byeong Soo Kang, MD1, Min Won Seo, BS2, Hee Kyung Yang, MD1, 3, Jong Mo Seo, MD, PhD1, 2, Sanghoon Lee, PhD4, Jeong-Min Hwang, MD, PhD1, 3

1Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.

3Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to Jeong-Min Hwang, MD, PhD. Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, #82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea. Tel: 82-31-787-7372, Fax: 82-31-787-4057, hjm@snu.ac.kr

Received 6 October 2016       Revised 7 April 2017       Accepted 17 May 2017

©2017 The Korean Ophthalmological Society

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze blinking patterns when watching an ultra-high definition (UHD) television and to compare the results between normal eyes and dry eyes.

Methods

A total of 59 participants aged from 13 to 69 years were instructed to watch a colorful and dynamic video on a UHD television for 10 minutes. Before and after watching the UHD television, we measured the best corrected visual acuities, autorefraction, tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion and conjunctival hyperemia via slit lamp biomicroscopy. In addition, questionnaires for the evaluation of eye fatigue and symptoms of a dry eye were completed. The definition of dry eye syndrome was that the tear-break-up-time of one of the eyes was less than 5 seconds, conjunctival injection, or marked corneal erosion. The number of blinks and the duration of blinking were both measured and analyzed at the early and late phases of video-watching.

Results

After watching the UHD television in the normal eye group, the tear-break-up-time was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the degree of corneal erosion was significantly increased (p = 0.023). However, the subjective symptoms of participants were not aggravated (p = 0.080). There were no significant differences in blinking patterns in the dry eye group. On the other hand, in the normal eye group, the mean blinking time was significantly increased (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Watching an UHD television changes the tear-break-up-time, degree of corneal erosion, and blinking pattern in normal eyes, which may increase the risk of dry eye syndrome.

Keywords: Blinking, Dry eye, Ultra-high definition television

Figures and Tables

Table 1

General characteristics of normal and dry eye groups before and after watching the UHD television

jkos-58-706-i001

Numeric variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

*p-values by Paired T-test.

Table 2

Ocular surface-related characteristics of normal and dry eye groups before and after watching the UHD television

jkos-58-706-i002

Numeric variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

SICCA = Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance; CCLRU = Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit.

*p-values by Paired T-test.

Table 3

Comparison of blinking characteristics between early and late phases of normal and dry eye groups

jkos-58-706-i003

Numeric variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Early phase = watching the video from 1 to 1.5 minutes; Late phase = watching the video from 9.5 to 10 minutes.

*p-values by Paired T-test.

Notes

This study was conducted as part of the information, communication, and broadcasting research and development project of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning and Institute for Information and communications technology promotion (No. B0101-16-1371, Research on Human Safety and Contents Quality Assessment for Realistic Broadcasting).

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