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Abstract
Methods
This study included 4,827 young children 3-11 years of age who answered the question “Has [name] ever had an eye examination (vision screening) in the past year?” from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 (KNHANES). The trained interviewer asked the questions to a member of the household familiar with the study participant. The factors related to vision screening were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The rate of vision screening gradually increased with age in young children between 3 (25.8%) and 11 years of age (72.5%). Regarding the rate by region, Busan had the highest rate (63.5%), followed by Daegu (62.2%) and Seoul (59.9%). Chungnam had the lowest rate (43.2%), followed by Chonbuk (44.6%) and Chonnam (44.9%). Higher income was associated with increased screening rate with marginal statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]＝1.5 for 3rd quartile, 95% con-fidential interval [CI], 1.0-2.4 versus 1st quartile as a reference group). Households with 5 or more members were less likely to receive vision screening compared to households with 1 child (aOR＝0.6, 95% CI, 0.4-0.8).
References
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Table 1.
Vision screening rate by age in children (n＝4,827)
Table 2.
Vision screening rate by region in children
| Region* | Vision screening/total | Crude (%) | Percentage (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Busan | 96/161 | 59.6 | 63.5 (56.8-69.8) |
| Daegu | 111/171 | 64.9 | 62.2 (51.1-72.2) |
| Seoul | 363/622 | 58.4 | 59.9 (55.4-64.3) |
| Ulsan | 58/108 | 53.7 | 59.8 (49.0-69.7) |
| Incheon | 125/217 | 57.6 | 59.6 (52.4-66.4) |
| Kyungnam | 115/189 | 60.8 | 59.2 (50.2-67.6) |
| Kyungpook | 115/193 | 59.6 | 58.7 (51.0-66.0) |
| Gyeonggi | 503/910 | 55.3 | 55.4 (50.8-59.9) |
| Gangwon | 43/81 | 53.1 | 53.9 (43.8-63.6) |
| Jeju | 32/80 | 40.0 | 46.1 (36.3-56.3) |
| Gwangju | 55/131 | 42.0 | 46.1 (33.6-59.1) |
| Daejeon | 55/115 | 47.8 | 45.6 (33.3-58.5) |
| Chungbuk | 37/90 | 41.1 | 45.4 (35.9-55.2) |
| Chonnam | 73/152 | 48.0 | 44.9 (38.2-51.7) |
| Chonbuk | 48/134 | 35.8 | 44.6 (33.0-56.8) |
| Chungnam | 58/158 | 36.7 | 43.2 (35.3-51.4) |
Table 3.
Characteristics of children (n＝3,512)
Table 4.
Factors associated with vision screening in children- age- and region- adjusted logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression (n＝3,512)
| Sociodemographic factors |
Vision screening in children (3-11 years) |
p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* | Multivariate OR | 95% CI | ||
| Age group of father | ||||
| 20-29 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| 30-39 | 1.4 | 1.7 | (0.6-4.8) | 0.35 |
| 40-49 | 1.5 | 2.0 | (0.7-5.9) | 0.19 |
| Age group of mother | ||||
| 20-29 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| 30-39 | 1.4 | 1.0 | (0.6-1.6) | 1.00 |
| 40-49 | 1.4 | 0.9 | (0.5-1.5) | 0.66 |
| Monthly house income | ||||
| Lowest quartile | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| 2nd quartile | 1.6 | 1.5 | (0.9-2.3) | 0.09 |
| 3rd quartile | 1.9 | 1.5 | (1.0-2.4) | 0.05 |
| Highest quartile | 1.9 | 1.5 | (1.0-2.4) | 0.08 |
| Number of household member | ||||
| 3 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| 4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | (0.6-1.1) | 0.18 |
| ≥5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | (0.4-0.8) | <0.05 |
| Basic livelihood security recipient | ||||
| No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 0.8 | 1.2 | (0.7-1.9) | 0.55 |
| Having occupation | ||||
| Father or mother alone | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Both | 0.9 | 0.9 | (0.8-1.1) | 0.46 |
| Both are not having occupation | 0.9 | 0.9 | (0.4-1.8) | 0.68 |
| Education of father | ||||
| Elementary school | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Middle school | 1.7 | 1.9 | (0.9-4.3) | 0.11 |
| High school | 1.8 | 1.5 | (0.7-3.0) | 0.27 |
| University or higher | 2.0 | 1.6 | (0.8-3.2) | 0.22 |
| Education of mother | ||||
| Elementary school | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||
| Middle school | 2.3 | 2.1 | (0.6-8.0) | 0.25 |
| High school | 2.9 | 2.6 | (0.8-8.9) | 0.13 |
| University or higher | 3.3 | 2.8 | (0.8-9.8) | 0.10 |
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