Analysis of Internal Optical Aberrations in Eyes with Different Types of Cataract

Ji Yun Han; Young Sub Eom; Jay Won Rhim; Su Yeon Kang; Hyo Myung Kim; Jong Suk Song

doi:10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.04.532

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Han, Eom, Rhim, Kang, Kim, and Song: Analysis of Internal Optical Aberrations in Eyes with Different Types of Cataract

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(4):532-540.

Published online: 7 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.04.532

Analysis of Internal Optical Aberrations in Eyes with Different Types of Cataract

Ji Yun Han, MD, Young Sub Eom, MD, Jay Won Rhim, MD, Su Yeon Kang, MD, Hyo Myung Kim, MD, PhD, Jong Suk Song, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

￭ Address reprint requests to Jong Suk Song, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea Tel: 82-2-2626-3178, Fax: 82-2-857-8580 E-mail: crisim@korea.ac.kr

Received 21 July 201412 February 2015 Accepted 24 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose:

The present study investigates the patterns of internal optical aberrations in eyes with different types of cataract.

Methods:

Eighty eyes of 70 cataract patients were included in the present study. Internal optical aberrations were measured with a KR-1W wavefront aberrometer before cataract operation. Types of cataract were classified into three groups; cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts. The differences in the results of the wavefront data of 6-mm pupil diameter zones were compared among three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing data.

Results:

A total of 80 eyes consisting of 30 cortical cataracts, 30 nuclear cataracts and 20 posterior subcapsular cataracts were found. In the 6-mm pupil diameter zone, the average internal spherical aberrations by original value were 0.042 μ m of cortical cataracts, -0.092 μ m of nuclear cataracts and -0.109 μ m of posterior subcapsular cataracts. The average internal spherical aberrations by absolute value were 0.122 μ m of cortical cataracts, 0.533 μ m of nuclear cataracts and 0.202 μ m of posterior subcapsular cataracts. The internal spherical aberrations by original value were not statistically significantly different, but by absolute value were statistically significantly different ( p = 0.003, Kruskal-Wallis test). Nuclear cataracts have a much higher positive or negative value than other cataract groups in the distribution of internal spherical aberrations by original value for each type of cataract. Other than this difference, the internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations were not statistically significantly different.

Conclusions:

The change in internal spherical aberrations of nuclear cataract from the original value was larger than cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract. Therefore, nuclear cataracts have much higher positive or negative values than other cataract groups.

Keywords: Different types of cataract, Internal optical aberrations, Internal spherical aberrations

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Figure 1.

A case of posterior subcapsular cataract that was completely examined all of the aberration data using KR-1W. (A) A slit photo showed a posterior subcapsular cataract (NO1, NC2, C1, P4 in LOCS III score). (B) A photo with retroillumination. (C) The result of KR-1W wavefront aberrometer in this case. Astig = astigmatism; HOA = high order aberrations.

Figure 2.

The average of internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations on 6-mm diameter zone. The internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations were not statistically significantly different except for 4th order high order aberrations ( p = 0.031, Kruskal-Wallis test). Astig = astigmatism; HOA = high order aberrations; CO = cortical opacity; NS = nuclear sclerosis; PSCO = posterior subcapsular opacity. ^*p < 0.05 based on Kruskal-Wallis test.

Figure 3.

The average of internal spherical aberrations by original value and absolute value on 6-mm diameter zone. SA = spherical aberrations; Absolute = absolute value; Original = original value; CO = cortical opacity; NS = nuclear opacity; PSCO = posterior subcapsular opacity. ^* p < 0.017 based on Bonferroni-corrected post hoc Mann-Whitney U test. (A) The internal spherical aberrations by original value were not statistically significantly different. (B) The internal spherical aberrations by absolute value were statistically significantly different.

Figure 4.

The distribution of internal spherical aberrations by original value for each type of cataract.

Figure 5.

A case of nuclear cataract that had highly negative spherical aberration. The HOA map of ocular wavefront shows a delay of light (cool color) in the central pupillary area. In the color-coded map, cool color represents relatively delayed wavefront and a warm color represents relatively advanced wavefront. (A) A slit photo showed a nuclear cataract (NO4, NC4, C1 in LOCS III score). (B) The result of KR-1W wavefront aberrometer in this case. HOA = high order aberrations.

Figure 6.

A case of nuclear cataract that had highly positive spherical aberration. The HOA map of ocular wavefront shows a delay of light (cool color) in the periphery. (A) A slit photo showed a nuclear cataract (NO5, NC5, C2 in LOCS III score). (B) The result of KR-1W wavefront aberrometer in this case. HOA = high order aberrations.

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics

Sex (M/F) (number of eyes, patients)	23 (22)/57 (48)
Total mean age ± SD (years, range)	59.08 ± 8.73 (32-88)
Type of cataract	No. of eyes (mean age ± SD)	p-value^*
Cortical opacity	30 (59.13 ± 5.077)	0.808
Nuclear opacity	30 (59.43 ± 10.04)
Posterior subcapsular opacity	20 (58.45 ± 11.11)

^* Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05 significant).

Table 2.

The average of internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations on 6-mm diameter zone (root mean square value)

	Astig.	Total HOA	3rd order HOA	4th order HOA	Trefoil	Coma	Tetrafoil	2nd Astig.
CO	-0.9467	0.566	0.403	0.283	0.280	0.272	0.182	0.139
NS	-1.097	0.884	0.526	0.650	0.223	0.451	0.170	0.175
PSCO	-1.1375	0.708	0.524	0.355	0.254	0.402	0.136	0.191
p-value	0.343	0.280	0.728	0.031	0.644	0.215	0.087	0.868

The internal astigmatism and internal high order aberrations were not statistically significantly different except for 4th order high order aberrations. Astig = astigmatism; HOA = high order aberrations; CO = cortical opacity; NS = nuclear sclerosis; PSCO = posterior subcapsular opacity.

Table 3.

The average of internal spherical aberrations by original value and absolute value on 6-mm diameter zone

	CO	NS	PSCO	p-value
Internal SA (original, μ m)	0.042	-0.092	-0.109	0.053
Internal SA (absolute, μ m)	0.122	0.533	0.202	0.003

The internal spherical aberrations by original value were not statistically significantly different, but by absolute value were statistically significantly different.

SA = spherical aberrations; Absolute = absolute value; Original = original value; CO = cortical opacity; NS = nuclear sclerosis; PSCO = posterior subcapsular opacity.

Table 4.

The internal spherical aberrations by absolute value were statistically significantly different between cataract group of cortical opacity and nuclear opacity

	CO vs NS	NS vs PSCO	CO vs PSCO
p-value^*	0.001	0.043	0.347

The internal spherical aberrations by absolute value were not statistically significantly different between cataract group of nuclear opacity and posterior subcapsular opacity, cortical opacity and posterior subcapsular opacity.

CO = cortical opacity; NS = nuclear sclerosis; PSCO = posterior subcapsular opacity.

^* Bonferroni-corrected post hoc Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between two groups ( p < 0.017 significant).

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