The Angle Kappa in Dominant and Non-Dominant Eye

Hong Kyu Kim; Kyong Jin Cho

doi:10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.04.494

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Kim and Cho: The Angle Kappa in Dominant and Non-Dominant Eye

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(4):494-498.

Published online: 7 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.04.494

The Angle Kappa in Dominant and Non-Dominant Eye

Hong Kyu Kim, MD, Kyong Jin Cho, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea

￭ Address reprint requests to Kyong Jin Cho, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University Hospital, #201 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-715, Korea Tel: 82-41-550-6377, Fax: 82-41-561-0137 E-mail: perfectcure@hanmail.net

Received 14 August 20146 October 2014 Accepted 7 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose:

To evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant eyes by analyzing angle kappa in dominant and non-dominant eyes.

Methods:

Fifty-seven subjects who had best corrected visual acuity 20/20 in the better-seeing eye and no underlying ocular disease were recruited. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test. Corneal topography, refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length were evaluated in both eyes.

Results:

On corneal topography examination, the angle kappa and white-to-white measurements were significantly smaller in the dominant eye than the non-dominant eye ( p = 0.013 and p = 0.045, respectively). However, no significant differences in sim K’s’ astigmatism ( p = 0.210), central corneal thickness ( p = 0.533), and anterior chamber depth ( p = 0.216) were observed. In ad-dition, cylindrical powers of the subjects measured by autorefraction (AR) were significantly lower in the dominant eye ( p = 0.026); however no differences in spherical equivalent measured by AR ( p = 0.061), IOP measured using pneumonic tonometer ( p = 0.536), or axial length measured using laser biometry ( p = 0.093) were observed.

Conclusions:

In this study, we found the angle kappa a new factor in determining the dominant and non-dominant eye. Difference in axial length and spherical equivalent between dominant and non-dominant eye may be associated with the difference in angle kappa.

Keywords: Angle kappa, Cylindrical power, Dominant eye, Non-dominant eye, White-to-white distance

References

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Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of the relationship between angle kappa and axial length. (A) In two eyes with a different axial length, eye with the longer axial length has a smaller angle kappa. In the figure, angle Y (of more myopic eye, Y eye) is smaller than angle X (of smaller eye, X eye). (B) X & Y line (X & Y visual axis) mean visual pathway of different eye (X eye is the smaller eye, and Y eye is the more myopic eye). Y line has a smaller angle kappa, and interferes less with the cornea and lens than the X line.

Table 1.

Mean and mean difference^* in white-to-white, angle kappa, axial length, spherical equivalent, and cylindrical power between ocular dominance and ocular non-dominance

Measure	Dominant eye	Non-dominant eye	Mean difference^*	p-value
White-to-white (mm)	11.62 ± 0.35	11.70 ± 0.41	-0.082	0.045^†
Angle kappa (degree)	3.91 ± 1.54	4.59 ± 2.27	-0.683	0.013^†
Axial length (mm)	25.68 ± 1.25	25.61 ± 1.32	0.067	0.093
SE (diopter)	-4.09 ± 3.11	-3.91 ± 3.05	-0.180	0.061
Cylindrical power (diopter)	0.87 ± 0.80	1.02 ± 0.79	-0.149	0.026^†

Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

SE = spherical equivalent.

^* Mean difference with paired measurement (dominant - non-dominant);

^† Statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Table 2.

Correlation analysis between white-to-white, angle kappa, axial length, spherical equivalent, and cylindrical power

		White-to-white	Angle kappa	Axial length	Spherical equivalent	Cylindrical power
Angle kappa	Correlation coefficient	0.341	-	-	-	-
	p-value	0.000^*	-	-	-	-
Axial length	Correlation coefficient	0.157	-0.307	-	-	-
	p-value	0.095	0.001^*	-	-	-
Spherical equivalent	Correlation coefficient	0.168	0.295	-0.686	-	-
	p-value	0.074	0.001^*	0.000^*	-	-
Cylindrical power	Correlation coefficient	0.001	-0.125	0.182	-0.440	-
	p-value	0.994	0.184	0.052	0.000^*	-

^* Statistically significant at the 0.01 level.

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