Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure

Jong Soo Lee; Sun Joo Kim; Young Min Park

doi:10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.03.379

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Lee, Kim, and Park: Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(3):379-387.

Published online: 7 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7469/JKOS.2015.56.03.379

Cross-Sectional Study between Anthropometric Obesity Indices and Intraocular Pressure

Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD¹, Sun Joo Kim, MD², Young Min Park, MD³

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea

²Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea

³Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea

￭ Address reprint requests to Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, #179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea Tel: 82-51-240-7321, Fax: 82-51-242-7341 E-mail: jongsool@pusan.ac.kr

Received 12 September 20141 October 2014 Accepted 1 March 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Purpose:

To investigate the cross sectional study association of intraocular pressure (IOP) with anthropometric obesity indices.

Methods:

We classified study subjects into three groups‐‐ normal, overweight and obesity, and investigated the correlation of IOP with age, gender and anthropometric obesity indices such as obesity Index, body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) on healthy subjects.

Results:

Of a total of 63,385 participants, 30,288 were male and 33,097 were female. Mean IOP was 15.13 ± 3.24 mm Hg for men and 14.44 ± 3.02 mm Hg for women. The obesity index and BMI in the normal, overweight and obesity groups were significantly different in both men and women ( p < 0.05). Mean IOP increased to a higher degree in the obesity group. In the normal, overweight and obesity group divided by ABSI, there were no significant differences in both men ( p = 0.66) and women ( p = 0.28). Between the normal and overweight group and the normal and obesity group divided by WHtR, there were significant differences in men ( p < 0.05) and women ( p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed the significant relationship between obesity index, BMI, ABSI, WHtR and IOP in men and women. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the obesity index was the highest value following BMI, WHtR and ABSI.

Conclusions:

Korean healthy subjects showed a correlation between IOP and anthropometric obesity indices regardless of gender, and the obesity index had the highest correlation.

Keywords: A body shape index, Anthropometric obesity indices, Body mass index, Intraocular pressure, Waist to height ratio

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Figure 1.

Intraocular pressure according to the group divided by obesity index. ^* p < 0.001 compared with each other in men; ^†p < 0.001 compared with each other in women. IOP = intraocular pressure.

Figure 2.

Intraocular pressure according to the group divided by BMI. ^* p < 0.001 compared with each other in men;^†p < 0.001 compared with each other in women. IOP = intraocular pressure; BMI = body mass index.

Figure 3.

Intraocular pressure according to the group divided by ABSI. IOP = intraocular pressure; ABSI = a body shape index.

Figure 4.

Intraocular pressure according to the group divided by WHtR. ^* p < 0.001 compared with normal in men; ^†p < 0.001 compared with normal in women. IOP = intraocular pressure; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.

Table 1.

Mean of intraocular pressure and number of ocular hypertension cases in each gender group

Sex	Case	Age group
Sex	Case	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s	over 70s	Total
Female	N (%)	2319 (3.66)	5949 (9.39)	9616 (15.17)	8149 (12.86)	4668 (7.36)	2396 (3.78)	33097 (57.22)
	Mean of age	25.28 ± 2.75	35.35 ± 2.71	44.64 ± 2.83	54.13 ± 2.85	63.91 ± 2.89	75.23 ± 4.53	48.88 ± 13.23
	IOP	13.82 ± 3.03	14.26 ± 3.07	14.67 ± 3.00	14.70 ± 3.00	14.38 ± 2.93	13.81 ± 2.94	14.44 ± 3.02
	No. of >21 mm Hg (%)	45 (1.94)	160 (2.69)	306 (3.18)	266 (3.26)	127 (2.72)	38 (1.59)	942 (2.85)
Male	N (%)	1849 (2.92)	5314 (8.38)	9224 (14.55)	7538 (11.89)	4529 (7.15)	1834 (2.89)	30288 (47.78)
	Mean of age	25.35 ± 2.69	35.38 ± 2.77	44.58 ± 2.84	54.22 ± 2.83	63.83 ± 2.77	74.72 ± 4.22	48.89 ± 12.68
	IOP	14.62 ± 3.14	15.36 ± 3.30	15.49 ± 3.25	15.25 ± 3.20	14.66 ± 3.13	13.86 ± 2.99	15.13 ± 3.24
	No. of >21 mm Hg (%)	61 (3.30)	340 (6.40)	673 (7.30)	458 (6.08)	165 (3.64)	35 (1.91)	1732 (5.72)
Total	N (%)	4168 (6.58)	11263 (17.77)	18840 (29.72)	15687 (24.75)	9197 (14.51)	4230 (6.67)	63385 (100)
	Mean of age	25.31 ± 2.72	35.37 ± 2.74	44.61 ± 2.84	54.17 ± 2.84	63.87 ± 2.83	75.01 ± 4.40	48.89 ± 12.97
	IOP	14.18 ± 3.10	14.78 ± 3.23	15.07 ± 3.15	14.96 ± 3.11	14.52 ± 3.03	13.84 ± 2.96	14.77 ± 3.14
	No. of >21 mm Hg (%)	106 (2.54)	500 (4.44)	979 (5.20)	724 (4.62)	292 (3.17)	73 (1.73)	2674 (4.22)

Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

IOP = intraocular pressure.

Table 2.

Numbers and general features of study participants in men and women

Sex	N	Age	Height (cm)	Body weight (kg)	IOP (mm Hg)
Female	33,097	48.88 ± 13.23	156.84 ± 5.90	57.78 ± 8.28	14.44 ± 3.02
Male	30,288	48.89 ± 12.68	169.73 ± 6.04	69.88 ± 10.00	15.13 ± 3.24
p-value		0.924	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Total	63,385	48.89 ± 12.97	163.00 ± 8.78	63.56 ± 10.96	14.77 ± 3.14
Age group	Sex	Obesity index	BMI	ABSI	WHtR
20s	Female	86.94 ± 16.72	21.32 ± 3.41	0.75 ± 0.06	0.46 ± 0.07
	Male	94.46 ± 18.09	23.68 ± 3.65	0.75 ± 0.04	0.47 ± 0.06
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.806	<0.001
	Total	90.28 ± 17.74	22.37 ± 3.71	0.75 ± 0.05	0.46 ± 0.07
30s	Female	97.09 ± 18.33	22.30 ± 3.13	0.76 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.06
	Male	104.22 ± 17.62	24.46 ± 3.18	0.77 ± 0.04	0.49 ± 0.05
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Total	100.46 ± 18.35	23.32 ± 3.33	0.76 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.06
40s	Female	107.13 ± 17.76	23.41 ± 2.87	0.77 ± 0.05	0.50 ± 0.06
	Male	108.01 ± 15.60	24.45 ± 2.80	0.78 ± 0.04	0.50 ± 0.05
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Total	107.56 ± 16.75	23.92 ± 2.88	0.77 ± 0.05	0.50 ± 0.05
50s	Female	110.86 ± 18.96	24.30 ± 2.90	0.79 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.06
	Male	107.76 ± 15.89	24.37 ± 2.69	0.79 ± 0.04	0.51 ± 0.05
	p-value	<0.001	0.087	0.01	<0.001
	Total	109.37 ± 17.62	24.33 ± 2.80	0.79 ± 0.05	0.52 ± 0.06
60s	Female	109.38 ± 20.30	24.62 ± 3.08	0.81 ± 0.06	0.56 ± 0.07
	Male	103.18 ± 16.59	23.93 ± 2.76	0.80 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.05
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Total	106.33 ± 18.82	24.28 ± 2.95	0.81 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.06
Over 70s	Female	98.48 ± 18.94	24.00 ± 3.42	0.85 ± 0.08	0.58 ± 0.09
	Male	91.53 ± 16.21	22.97 ± 3.04	0.82 ± 0.04	0.52 ± 0.06
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Total	95.46 ± 18.14	23.55 ± 3.30	0.84 ± 0.07	0.55 ± 0.08
Total	Female	104.52 ± 19.84	23.50 ± 3.19	0.78 ± 0.07	0.51 ± 0.07
	Male	104.74 ± 17.07	24.22 ± 2.94	0.79 ± 0.04	0.50 ± 0.05
	p-value	0.14	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	Total	104.62 ± 18.57	23.84 ± 3.09	0.78 ± 0.06	0.51 ± 0.06

Values are presented as mean ± SD.

IOP= intraocular pressure; BMI = body mass index; ABSI = a body shape index; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.

Table 3.

Comparison of percentage of high intraocular pressure in obesity index, BMI, ABSI and WHtR

Sex		No. of high IOP (≥21 mm Hg) (%)
Sex		Obesity index	BMI	WHtR	ABSI
F	Normal	298 (2.60)	586 (2.63)	434 (2.55)	938 (2.86)
	Over weight	224 (3.71)	287 (3.39)	312 (3.24)	4 (1.19)
	Obesity	366 (4.94)	48 (4.48)	196 (3.04)	0 (0.00)
M	Normal	539 (4.77)	893 (5.01)	836 (5.15)	1732 (5.72)
	Over weight	497 (7.68)	756 (6.90)	711 (6.38)	0 (0.00)
	Obesity	612 (10.10)	68 (8.34)	185 (6.37)	0 (0.00)

BMI = body mass index; ABSI = a body shape index; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio; IOP = intraocular pressure.

Table 4.

The relationship between intraocular pressure and obesity index, BMI, ABSI, WHtR according to the age group

Age group		Obesity index	BMI	ABSI	WHtR
20s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.20	0.09	-0.01	-0.10
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.56	0.00
30s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.23	0.14	0.01	-0.11
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.44	0.00
40s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.17	0.10	0.01	-0.07
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.00
50s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.14	0.05	-0.01	-0.06
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.00
60s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.19	0.11	-0.03	-0.08
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
Over 70s	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.13	0.07	-0.01	-0.03
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.59	0.03

BMI = body mass index; ABSI = a body shape index; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.

Table 5.

Univariate linear regression analysis for relationship between intraocular pressure and anthropometric obesity indices

Sex		Obesity index	BMI	ABSI	WHtR
Female (n = 33097)	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.18	0.08	-0.02	0.05
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Male (n = 30288)	Pearson's coefficient of correlation	0.22	0.10	-0.05	0.05
	p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

BMI = body mass index; ABSI = a body shape index; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.

Table 6.

Area under curve values with 95% confidence intervals for anthropometric obesity indices in men and women in each age group

Age group	Index	Area
Age group	Index	Male	Female	Total
20s	Obesity index	0.709	0.801	0.761
	BMI	0.559	0.593	0.595
	ABSI	0.478	0.504	0.497
	WHtR	0.536	0.576	0.565
30s	Obesity index	0.700	0.684	0.713
	BMI	0.592	0.555	0.620
	ABSI	0.493	0.487	0.508
	WHtR	0.583	0.537	0.590
40s	Obesity index	0.622	0.637	0.628
	BMI	0.546	0.540	0.567
	ABSI	0.503	0.497	0.524
	WHtR	0.544	0.535	0.549
50s	Obesity index	0.622	0.636	0.617
	BMI	0.534	0.529	0.535
	ABSI	0.453	0.495	0.479
	WHtR	0.510	0.520	0.501
60s	Obesity index	0.711	0.700	0.695
	BMI	0.593	0.580	0.581
	ABSI	0.462	0.474	0.467
	WHtR	0.564	0.537	0.537
Over 70s	Obesity index	0.742	0.680	0.704
	BMI	0.594	0.525	0.554
	ABSI	0.425	0.431	0.429
	WHtR	0.535	0.457	0.481
Total	Obesity index	0.669	0.667
	BMI	0.568	0.550
	ABSI	0.464	0.485
	WHtR	0.539	0.528

BMI = body mass index; ABSI = a body shape index; WHtR = waist-to-height ratio.

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