In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Corneal Tissue in Amiodarone-Induced Vortex Keratopathy

Jae Jung Lee; Beom Seok Choi; Young Min Park; Jong Soo Lee

doi:10.3341/jkos.2015.56.1.127

Journal List > J Korean Ophthalmol Soc > v.56(1) > 1010061

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Lee, Choi, Park, and Lee: In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Corneal Tissue in Amiodarone-Induced Vortex Keratopathy

Original Article

J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(1):127-133.

Published online: 6 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2015.56.1.127

In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Corneal Tissue in Amiodarone-Induced Vortex Keratopathy

Jae Jung Lee, MD, Beom Seok Choi, MD, Young Min Park, MD, Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD

Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea

Address reprint requests to Jong Soo Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, #179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea, Tel: 82-51-240-7321, Fax: 82-51-242-7341 E-mail: jongsool@pusan.ac.kr

Received 18 April 201416 July 2014 Accepted 2 December 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the morphology of corneal tissue in patients with Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Case summary

Four eyes of 2 patients with clinically diagnosed Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy were examined using corneal topography and IVCM. Cross-sectioned corneal images of the corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stromal layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium were evaluated. Location of corneal deposits examined by conventional slit-lamp mi-croscopy was correlated with findings of corneal topography. The curvature map of corneal topography revealed an unusual irregular astigmatism with generalized mild steepening consistent with the location of the corneal deposits and the elevation map showed the change of corneal elevation according to the corneal deposits. Multiple hyper-reflective whitish dots were found at the corneal epithelial level and some were found at the anterior stromal level. Regarding the corneal endothelial layer, case 1 demonstrated normal corneal endothelial tissue, but case 2 showed several hyper-reflective whitish dots in the endothelium.

Conclusions

In patients with Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy, IVCM showed corneal deposits in the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. Distribution of microdeposits in the corneal tissue caused an irregular astigmatism.

Keywords: Amiodarone-induced keratopathy, Confocal microscopy, Vortex keratopathy

References

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Figure 1.

Slit-lamp photographs and corneal topography of patient (case 1). (A) Votex keratopathy of the right eye showed a whorl like pattern of powdery, white, yellow, or brown corneal deposits (black arrows). Corneal topography of right eye revealed irregular astigmatism induced by the corneal deposits. (B) The external photograph of left eye showed the vortex keratopathy (black arrows), and revealed the irregular astigmatism consistent with the corneal deposits.

Figure 2.

In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the cornea in the right eye (case 1). (A) Numerous highly reflective microdots interspersed in the subepithelial nerve fibers beneath basal epithelial cells (black arrows). (B) Midstroma with highly reflective material deposition around the keratocytes (white arrows). (C) Normal, hexagonal endothelial cells.

Figure 3.

Slit-lamp photographs and corneal topography of patient (case 2). (A) Votex keratopathy of right eye showed a whorl like pattern of powdery, brown corneal deposits (black arrows), and revealed the irregular astigmatism in topography. (B) The external photography and topography of the left eye revealed the vortex keratopathy (black arrows) and irregular astigmatism consistent with the corneal deposits.

Figure 4.

In vivo confocal microscopic findings of the cornea in the left eye (case 2). (A) Numerous highly reflective microdots in basal epithelial cell layer (black arrows). (B) Several highly reflective dots in endothelial cell layer (black arrows).

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